More and more studies have revealed a close relationship between gut microbial community and human health. However, the mechanism why changes in gut microflora structures affect shrimp health status remains unclear. In this study, we compared the differences of bacterial communities among intestine, water, and sediment collected from mariculture ponds of Penaeus japonicus in the early (30 days) and late (90 days) stage. Simultaneously, the relationship between bacterial communities and water quality indexes as well as shrimp physiological indexes was analyzed, respectively. The results showed that relative abundances of intestinal dominant phyla changed along with rearing times. And according to non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), bacterial communities of shrimp gut had a closer relationship with the water library. By analyzing the relationship between water quality indexes and shrimp pond flora, it was shown that total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents probably had the biggest impacts on bacterial communities of water, so did temperature and chemical oxygen demand on microbial communities of sediments and shrimp intestines. By analyzing the relationship between the dominant genus and physiological health indicators of shrimp, it was found that unidentified_Mitochondria, Photobacterium, and Acinetobacter were more closely associated with shrimp physiological health indicators such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, antibacterial activity, lysozyme activity, and agglutinating activity. Overall, these results suggested that intestinal microbiota of Penaeus japonicus has certain connections to ambient microflorae, environmental factors, and shrimp health status. These findings may be conducive to disease prevention and control by regulating gut and ambient microflorae in shrimp farming.

越来越多的研究揭示了肠道微生物群落与人类健康之间的密切关系。但是，肠道菌群结构变化影响虾健康状况的机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们比较了日本对虾海水养殖池中肠道，水和沉积物之间细菌群落的差异。在早期（30天）和晚期（90天）阶段。同时，分别分析了细菌群落与水质指标以及对虾生理指标之间的关系。结果表明，肠道优势种群相对丰富度随饲养时间的变化而变化。根据非度量多维标度（NMDS），虾肠细菌群落与水库之间的关系更为密切。通过分析水质指标与虾塘植物区系之间的关系，表明总氮和氨氮含量可能对水的细菌群落影响最大，温度和化学需氧量对沉积物和虾肠微生物群落的影响也最大。细菌和不动杆菌与虾的生理健康指标（如总抗氧化剂能力，超氧化物歧化酶活性，抗菌活性，溶菌酶活性和凝集活性）的关系更紧密。总体而言，这些结果表明日本对虾的肠道菌群与周围菌群，环境因素和虾的健康状况有一定的联系。这些发现可能通过调节虾类养殖中的肠道和环境菌群，有助于疾病的预防和控制。