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Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3
Hemant Bherwani 1, 2 , Moorthy Nair 3 , Kavya Musugu 1 , Sneha Gautam 4 , Ankit Gupta 1, 2 , Atya Kapley 1, 2 , Rakesh Kumar 1, 2
Affiliation  

Air pollution (AP) is one of the major causes of health risks as it leads to widespread morbidity and mortality each year. Its environmental impacts include acid rains, reduced visibility, but more importantly and significantly, it affects human health. The price tag of not managing AP is seen in the rise of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and respiratory ailments like asthma and chronic bronchitis. But as the world battles the corona pandemic, COVID-19 lockdown has abruptly halted human activity, leading to a significant reduction in AP levels. The effect of this reduction is captured by reduced cases of morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution. The current study aims to monetarily quantify the decline in health impacts due to reduced AP levels under lockdown scenario, as against business as usual, for four cities—Delhi, London, Paris, and Wuhan. The exposure assessment with respect to pollutants like particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), NO 2 , and SO 2 are evaluated. Value of statistical life (VSL), cost of illness (CoI), and per capita income (PCI) for disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are used to monetize the health impacts for the year 2019 and 2020, considering the respective period of COVID-19 lockdown of four cities. The preventive benefits related to reduced AP due to lockdown is evaluated in comparison to economic damage sustained by these four cities. This helps in understanding the magnitude of actual damage and brings out a more holistic picture of the damages related to lockdown.

中文翻译:

空气污染外部性评估:COVID-19 封锁下经济损失和减排的比较评估

空气污染 (AP) 是造成健康风险的主要原因之一,因为它每年都会导致广泛的发病率和死亡率。它对环境的影响包括酸雨、能见度降低,但更重要和显着的是,它会影响人类健康。慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)、心血管疾病以及哮喘和慢性支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病的增加可以看出不管理 AP 的代价。但随着世界与日冕大流行作斗争,COVID-19 封锁突然停止了人类活动,导致 AP 水平显着降低。这种减少的影响体现在与空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率的减少上。目前的研究旨在通过货币量化在锁定情景下由于 AP 水平降低而对健康影响的下降,与往常相反,四个城市——德里、伦敦、巴黎和武汉。对颗粒物(PM 2.5 和 PM 10 )、NO 2 和 SO 2 等污染物的暴露评估进行了评估。统计生命值 (VSL)、疾病成本 (CoI) 和残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 的人均收入 (PCI) 用于将 2019 年和 2020 年的健康影响货币化,考虑到各自的时期COVID-19 封锁了四个城市。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比,评估了因封锁而减少 AP 的预防性益处。这有助于了解实际损害的严重程度,并更全面地了解与锁定相关的损害。对颗粒物(PM 2.5 和 PM 10 )、NO 2 和 SO 2 等污染物的暴露评估进行了评估。统计生命值 (VSL)、疾病成本 (CoI) 和残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 的人均收入 (PCI) 用于将 2019 年和 2020 年的健康影响货币化,考虑到各自的时期COVID-19 封锁了四个城市。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比,评估了因封锁而减少 AP 的预防性益处。这有助于了解实际损害的严重程度,并更全面地了解与锁定相关的损害。对颗粒物(PM 2.5 和 PM 10 )、NO 2 和 SO 2 等污染物的暴露评估进行了评估。统计生命值 (VSL)、疾病成本 (CoI) 和残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 的人均收入 (PCI) 用于将 2019 年和 2020 年的健康影响货币化,考虑到各自的时期COVID-19 封锁了四个城市。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比,评估了因封锁而减少 AP 的预防性益处。这有助于了解实际损害的严重程度,并更全面地了解与锁定相关的损害。考虑到四个城市的 COVID-19 封锁期间,残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 的人均收入 (PCI) 和人均收入 (PCI) 用于将 2019 年和 2020 年的健康影响货币化。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比,评估了因封锁而减少 AP 的预防性益处。这有助于了解实际损害的严重程度,并更全面地了解与锁定相关的损害。考虑到四个城市的 COVID-19 封锁期间,残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 的人均收入 (PCI) 和人均收入 (PCI) 用于将 2019 年和 2020 年的健康影响货币化。与这四个城市遭受的经济损失相比,评估了因封锁而减少 AP 的预防性益处。这有助于了解实际损害的严重程度,并更全面地了解与锁定相关的损害。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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