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Fire-associated reptile mortality in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa
Fire Ecology ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 , DOI: 10.1186/s42408-019-0066-4
Philip R. Jordaan , Johan C. A. Steyl , Catharine C. Hanekom , Xander Combrink

Even though fire has been used extensively as part of conservation management in South Africa, its impact on the life history and mortality of fossorial reptiles is poorly documented. We conducted post-fire transects after three controlled burns during different seasons in Tembe Elephant Park, recorded 14 reptile species, and found fewer mortalities in winter compared to spring. Histopathological examinations of species were conducted from different microhabitats to elucidate the possible cause of death. The unburned condition of most mortality specimens prompted suspicion of particulate smoke inhalation as a possible cause of death. However, the relative absence of carbon-rich particulate matter and the occasional presence of pulmonary oedema suggested asphyxiation, heat-induced cardiac arrest, or gas intoxication as the most likely cause of death. The association of most specimens with microhabitats rich in leaf litter may indicate higher reptile densities in this habitat or increased mortalities due to smoldering detrital material, or both. Detrital combustion and smoldering may result in advective transportation of heated gasses into underlying soil layers, with subsequent increased mortalities. Even though burrowing could potentially offer protection from fire to fossorial vertebrates through vertical movements into deeper substrate, our results indicated that they are not necessarily protected from fire effects. We speculate that seasonal reproductive behavior may contribute to fire mortality. These observations may contribute to improved understanding and management of fire in areas where fossorial reptiles occur.

中文翻译:

南非特姆比大象公园与火有关的爬行动物死亡率

尽管在南非,火已被广泛用作保护管理的一部分,但对火的爬行动物的生活史和死亡率的影响却鲜有记载。我们在Tembe Elephant Park在不同季节进行了3次受控烧伤后,进行了火后样带的记录,记录了14种爬行动物物种,发现冬季的死亡率要低于春季。从不同的微生境进行了物种的组织病理学检查,以阐明可能的死亡原因。大多数死亡率标本未燃烧的状况促使人们怀疑吸入颗粒烟雾可能是导致死亡的原因。但是,相对缺乏富含碳的颗粒物和偶尔出现的肺水肿提示窒息,热引起的心脏骤停,或气体中毒是最有可能导致死亡的原因。大多数标本与富含叶凋落物的微生境相关联,可能表明该生境中的爬行动物密度较高,或者由于碎屑碎屑或两者兼而有之,死亡率增加。有害的燃烧和阴燃可能导致将加热的气体以平流方式输送到下面的土壤层,从而增加死亡率。即使通过垂直移动到更深的基质中,穴居可能潜在地提供保护,以防止火葬到沿海脊椎动物,但我们的结果表明,不一定能保护它们免受火灾的影响。我们推测季节性繁殖行为可能导致火灾死亡。这些观察结果可能有助于增进对发生爬行类爬行动物的地区的火灾的了解和管理。大多数标本与富含叶凋落物的微生境相关联,可能表明该生境中的爬行动物密度较高或由于碎屑碎屑或两者兼而有之,死亡率增加。有害的燃烧和阴燃可能导致将加热的气体以平流方式输送到下面的土壤层,从而增加死亡率。即使通过垂直移动到更深的基质中,穴居可能潜在地提供保护,以防止火葬到沿海脊椎动物,但我们的结果表明,不一定能保护它们免受火灾的影响。我们推测季节性繁殖行为可能导致火灾死亡。这些观察结果可能有助于增进对发生爬行类爬行动物的地区的火灾的了解和管理。大多数标本与富含叶凋落物的微生境相关联,可能表明该生境中的爬行动物密度较高,或者由于碎屑碎屑或两者兼而有之,死亡率增加。有害的燃烧和阴燃可能导致将加热的气体以平流方式输送到下面的土壤层,从而增加死亡率。即使通过垂直移动到更深的基质中,穴居可能潜在地提供保护,以防止火葬到沿海脊椎动物,但我们的结果表明,不一定能保护它们免受火灾的影响。我们推测季节性繁殖行为可能导致火灾死亡。这些观察结果可能有助于增进对发生爬行类爬行动物的地区的火灾的了解和管理。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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