The present investigation is designed to evaluate the antioxidant and protective efficacy of the brown alga, Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M. Howe, against copper-induced lung injury in male albino rats. The present study was carried out on 24 adult male albino rats, they were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) (A group, control rats; B group, rats received 100 mg/kg body weight of H. clathratus ethanolic extract; C group, rats augmented with 100 mg/kg body weight of CuSO4; and D group, rats were supplemented with 100 mg/kg of CuSO4 and 100 mg/kg of H. clathratus ethanolic extract). All the experimental treatments were given orally and daily for 28 days. It was showing that Cu treatment was found to induce lung toxicity, histopathologically, Cu revealed severe degenerative and necrotic lesions in the lung. Also, Cu caused a significant decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) count and glutathione (GSH); meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased. Consistently, mRNA and protein expression levels of proapoptotic (caspase-3 and Bax) marker showed a significant upregulation, whereas the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) level was significantly downregulated in lung tissues of CuSO4-intubated groups. Moreover, H. clathratus plus CuSO4-treated group showed improvement in the histopathological changes of lung injury. The bronchi and bronchioles appeared like those of the control, where the alveoli showed thin septa in some parts and thickened septa in other parts. Findings revealed that the natural antioxidant activity of H. clathratus could protect the lung tissue from the damage produced by CuSO4.

中文翻译：

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Hydroclathrus clathratus 作为抗雄性白化大鼠肺损伤的抗损伤剂

本研究旨在评估褐藻 Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M. Howe 对铜诱导的雄性白化大鼠肺损伤的抗氧化和保护功效。本研究对 24 只成年雄性白化大鼠进行，随机分为四组（n = 6）（A 组，对照组；B 组，大鼠接受 100 mg/kg 体重的 H. clathratus 乙醇提取物； C组，大鼠补充100mg/kg体重的CuSO4；D组，大鼠补充100mg/kg的CuSO4和100mg/kg的H.clathratus乙醇提取物）。所有实验治疗均口服给药，每日给药，持续 28 天。结果表明，发现铜处理会引起肺毒性，组织病理学上，铜显示肺中严重的退行性和坏死病变。还，Cu 导致谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 计数和谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 显着减少；同时，丙二醛（MDA）含量增加。一致地，在 CuSO4 插管组的肺组织中，促凋亡（caspase-3 和 Bax）标志物的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达水平显着上调，而抗凋亡（Bcl-2）水平显着下调。此外，H. clathratus 加 CuSO4 治疗组显示肺损伤的组织病理学变化有所改善。支气管和细支气管的外观与对照组相似，其中某些部位的肺泡显示薄隔膜，其他部位显示增厚的隔膜。研究结果表明，H. clathratus 的天然抗氧化活性可以保护肺组织免受 CuSO4 造成的损害。