The nature–nurture controversy seems to be a scientific zombie, an idea that will not die despite ample evidence that it is inaccurate and even damaging to our ideas about how characteristics evolve. The dilemma is particularly clear with regard to behavioral traits, such as intelligence or sexual orientation, where thinking that genes or the environment predominate can lead to flawed conclusions. We argue that, first, behavior is not special in its evolution but evolves in the same manner as other traits. Second, no trait, whether behavioral or otherwise, is caused by either genes or the environment or even by an additive combination of the two; the interaction is the important feature. Third, genes do not and cannot code for behavior or any other characteristic.

中文翻译：

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杀死行为僵尸：基因，进化以及行为为何如此特殊

关于自然养育的争论似乎是一个科学僵尸，尽管有足够的证据表明它是不准确的，甚至损害了我们关于特征如何演变的观点，但这一思想不会消失。关于行为特征（例如智力或性取向）的困境尤其明显，认为基因或环境占主导地位会导致错误的结论。我们认为，首先，行为在其演变过程中并不特殊，但其发展方式与其他特征相同。第二，基因或环境，甚至不是两者的累加组合，都不会导致行为或其他方面的特征；交互是重要特征。第三，基因没有而且不能为行为或任何其他特征编码。