The introduction of 2,4-D–resistant soybean and cotton provided growers a new POST active ingredient to include in weed management programs. The technology raises concerns regarding potential 2,4-D off-target movement to sensitive vegetation, and spray droplet size is the primary management factor focused on to reduce spray particle drift. The objective of this study was to investigate the droplet size distribution, droplet velocity, and particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture (Enlist Duo®) applications with two commonly used venturi nozzles in a low-speed wind tunnel. Applications with the TDXL11004 nozzle had larger DV0.1 (291 µm), DV0.5 (544 µm), and DV0.9 (825 µm) values compared with the AIXR11004 nozzle (250, 464, and 709 µm, respectively), and slower average droplet velocity (8.1 m s−1) compared with the AIXR11004 nozzle (9.1 m s−1). Nozzle type had no influence on drift deposition (P = 0.65), drift coverage (P = 0.84), and soybean biomass reduction (P = 0.76). Although the TDXL11004 nozzle had larger spray droplet size, the slower spray droplet velocity could have influenced the nozzle particle drift potential. As a result, both TDXL11004 and AIXR11004 nozzles had similar spray drift potential. Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of droplet velocity on drift potential at field scale and test how different tank solutions, sprayer configurations, and environmental conditions could influence the droplet size and velocity dynamics and consequent drift potential in pesticide applications.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦加 2,4-D 胆碱预混剂配方在低速风洞中的粒子漂移潜力

2,4-D 抗性大豆和棉花的引入为种植者提供了一种新的 POST 活性成分，可纳入杂草管理计划。该技术引发了对敏感植被潜在的 2,4-D 脱靶运动的担忧，而喷雾液滴大小是减少喷雾颗粒漂移的主要管理因素。本研究的目的是研究草甘膦加 2,4-D 胆碱预混合物 (Enlist Duo®) 在低速风中使用两个常用文丘里喷嘴的液滴尺寸分布、液滴速度和颗粒漂移潜力隧道。使用 TDXL11004 喷嘴的应用具有更大的DV0.1(291 微米),DV0.5（544微米），和DV0.9(825 µm) 值与 AIXR11004 喷嘴（分别为 250、464 和 709 µm）相比，平均液滴速度较慢（8.1 ms-1) 与 AIXR11004 喷嘴 (9.1 ms-1）。喷嘴类型对漂移沉积 (P = 0.65)、漂移覆盖 (P = 0.84) 和大豆生物量减少 (P = 0.76) 没有影响。虽然 TDXL11004 喷嘴具有较大的喷雾液滴尺寸，但较慢的喷雾液滴速度可能会影响喷嘴颗粒漂移电位。因此，TDXL11004 和 AIXR11004 喷嘴都具有相似的喷雾漂移潜力。需要进一步研究以了解液滴速度对田间尺度漂移潜力的影响，并测试不同的罐溶液、喷雾器配置和环境条件如何影响农药应用中的液滴大小和速度动力学以及随之而来的漂移潜力。