Cover crops can provide many benefits to peanut and cotton crops planted in rotation including suppressing weeds, conserving soil moisture after termination, increasing soil organic matter, and reducing soil erosion. However, herbicide carryover can affect cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of 6 cover crops (daikon radish, cereal rye, oat, crimson clover, winter wheat, and common vetch) to 12 soil residual herbicides. A multiyear (2016–2018), multilocation study was conducted in Macon and Henry counties, Alabama. Herbicide treatments included S-metolachlor, acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, diclosulam, imazapic, chlorimuron-ethyl, bentazon plus acifluorfen, pyrithiobac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, diuron, prometryn, and flumioxazin, each applied at 10% of the full-labeled rate. At 42 to 52 and 145 to 149 d after planting (DAP), cover crop plant heights and stand counts were evaluated, as was biomass at 145 to 149 DAP. Treatments varied from year to year but not locations. In 2016, significant stand reductions (P ≤ 0.10) of 36% to 43% in rye and 44% to 75% in wheat were observed at 48 to 52 DAP for S-metolachlor, acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, imazapic, and bentazon plus acifluorfen compared with nontreated plants. Vetch had stand reductions ranging from 14% to 80% for all treatments 50 DAP except for plants treated with prometryn. S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor reduced stands of rye, wheat, and vetch more than any other herbicides. In 2017, at 147 to 149 DAP, clover stands were reduced by 29% with diclosulam and by 38% with trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Similarly, radish stands were reduced by 64% with diclosulam treatment. No significant biomass reductions were observed for any cover crop species either year. Oat showed the most tolerance with no treatments reducing any growth parameters either year. Although initial injury and stunting may occur, biomass at termination of cover crops were not affected by herbicide residues evaluated in this study.

中文翻译：

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覆盖作物对花生-棉花轮作中残留除草剂的反应

覆盖作物可以为轮作的花生和棉花作物提供许多好处，包括抑制杂草、终止后保持土壤水分、增加土壤有机质和减少水土流失。然而，除草剂残留会影响覆盖作物的建立。本研究的目的是调查 6 种覆盖作物（萝卜、黑麦、燕麦、深红三叶草、冬小麦和紫云英）对 12 种土壤残留除草剂的反应。在阿拉巴马州梅肯县和亨利县进行了一项多年（2016-2018 年）多地点研究。包括除草剂处理小号-异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、吡唑磺草胺、双氯磺草胺、甲氧嘧啶、氯嘧磺隆、苯达松加氟虫草醚、嘧硫醚钠、三氟磺隆钠、敌草隆、扑草净和氟虫嗪，每一种都以完全标记率的 10% 施用。在种植后 42 至 52 天和 145 至 149 天（DAP），评估覆盖作物的株高和林分数，以及 145 至 149 DAP 的生物量。治疗每年都不同，但地点不同。2016 年，在 48 至 52 DAP 观察到黑麦林分显着减少（P ≤ 0.10）36% 至 43%，小麦林分减少 44% 至 75%小号与未经处理的植物相比，异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、pyroxasulfone、imazapic 和苯达松加氟虫草醚。除了用普草净处理的植物外，所有处理 50 DAP 的野豌豆的林分减少范围为 14% 至 80%。小号-异丙甲草胺、吡咯磺草胺和乙草胺比任何其他除草剂更能减少黑麦、小麦和野豌豆的林分。2017 年，在 147 至 149 DAP 时，使用双氯磺草胺的三叶草林分减少了 29%，使用三氟磺隆钠减少了 38%。同样，使用双氯磺草胺处理的萝卜架减少了 64%。任何一年都没有观察到任何覆盖作物物种的生物量显着减少。燕麦表现出最大的耐受性，没有任何处理降低任何一年的生长参数。尽管可能会发生最初的伤害和发育迟缓，但覆盖作物终止时的生物量不受本研究中评估的除草剂残留物的影响。