A 1.3-m-long sediment core from the Penzi-la pass, Zanskar Valley, provides a record of hydroclimatic conditions and abrupt climate changes over short time scales since the mid-Holocene. These climatic changes of centennial time scale are crucial to understanding the hydroclimatic variability in northwestern (NW) Himalaya. Relatively higher δ13C values complemented by total organic carbon, loss on ignition, grain size parameters, and lower Rubidium/Strontium ratios during the Late Northgrippian imply that the area had a dry climate during the period from ~6200–4500 cal yr BP. Subsequently, a relatively stable hydroclimatic environment was experienced between ~4500 and 3400 cal yr BP. After ~3400 cal yr BP the multiproxy data show gradual strengthening of hydroclimatic conditions, however, this trend is interrupted by high-amplitude abrupt reversals (dry events) with a stepwise decreasing intensity at ~3300, 2600, 1700, and 400 cal yr BP. The two most important climatic events of the last millennia (i.e., Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age) were also recorded from the sedimentary archive. Overall, our data show a progressive increase in the moisture availability in the Zanskar Valley and are in agreement with the late Holocene climatic trends of central and western Himalaya.

中文翻译：

---

印度喜马拉雅西北部赞斯卡河谷全新世水文气候变率

来自 Zanskar 山谷 Penzi-la 山口的 1.3 米长的沉积岩芯记录了自全新世中期以来的短时间尺度内的水文气候条件和突然的气候变化。这些百年时间尺度的气候变化对于理解喜马拉雅西北部（NW）的水文气候变化至关重要。相对较高的 δ13C 值辅以总有机碳、烧失量、粒度参数和晚期 Northgrippian 较低的铷/锶比，表明该地区在约 6200-4500 cal yr BP 期间气候干燥。随后，在约 4500 至 3400 cal yr BP 之间经历了相对稳定的水文气候环境。在~3400 cal yr BP 之后，多代理数据显示水文气候条件逐渐加强，然而，这种趋势被高幅度突然逆转（干旱事件）打断，在~3300、2600、1700 和 400 cal yr BP 强度逐步降低. 过去几千年最重要的两个气候事件（即中世纪气候异常和小冰河时代）也从沉积档案中记录下来。全面的，