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Climatic changes cause synchronous population dynamics and adaptive strategies among coastal hunter-gatherers in Holocene northern Europe
Quaternary Research ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.1017/qua.2019.86
Erlend Kirkeng Jørgensen , Petro Pesonen , Miikka Tallavaara

Synchronized demographic and behavioral patterns among distinct populations is a well-known, natural phenomenon. Intriguingly, similar patterns of synchrony occur among prehistoric human populations. However, the drivers of synchronous human ecodynamics are not well understood. Addressing this issue, we review the role of environmental variability in causing human demographic and adaptive responses. As a case study, we explore human ecodynamics of coastal hunter-gatherers in Holocene northern Europe, comparing population, economic, and environmental dynamics in two separate areas (northern Norway and western Finland). Population trends are reconstructed using temporal frequency distributions of radiocarbon-dated and shoreline-dated archaeological sites. These are correlated to regional environmental proxies and proxies for maritime resource use. The results demonstrate remarkably synchronous patterns across population trajectories, marine resource exploitation, settlement pattern, and technological responses. Crucially, the population dynamics strongly correspond to significant environmental changes. We evaluate competing hypotheses and suggest that the synchrony stems from similar responses to shared environmental variability. We take this to be a prehistoric human example of the “Moran effect,” positing similar responses of geographically distinct populations to shared environmental drivers. The results imply that intensified economies and social interaction networks have limited impact on long-term hunter-gatherer population trajectories beyond what is already proscribed by environmental drivers.



中文翻译:

气候变化导致全新世北欧沿海狩猎采集者的同步人口动态和适应策略

不同人群之间同步的人口统计和行为模式是一种众所周知的自然现象。有趣的是,史前人类中也出现了类似的同步模式。然而,同步人类生态动力学的驱动因素尚不清楚。针对这个问题,我们回顾了环境变化在引起人类人口和适应性反应中的作用。作为一个案例研究,我们探索了全新世北欧沿海狩猎采集者的人类生态动力学,比较了两个不同地区(挪威北部和芬兰西部)的人口、经济和环境动态。使用放射性碳年代和海岸线年代考古遗址的时间频率分布重建人口趋势。这些与区域环境代理和海洋资源使用代理相关。结果表明,人口轨迹、海洋资源开发、定居模式和技术响应之间的模式非常同步。至关重要的是,人口动态与重大的环境变化密切相关。我们评估了相互竞争的假设,并认为同步源于对共享环境变化的类似反应。我们认为这是“莫兰效应”的史前人类例子,假设地理上不同的人群对共享的环境驱动因素有类似的反应。结果表明,强化的经济和社会互动网络对长期狩猎采集人口轨迹的影响有限,超出了环境驱动因素已经禁止的范围。海洋资源开发、聚落模式和技术响应。至关重要的是,人口动态与重大的环境变化密切相关。我们评估了相互竞争的假设,并认为同步源于对共享环境变化的类似反应。我们认为这是“莫兰效应”的史前人类例子,假设地理上不同的人群对共享的环境驱动因素有类似的反应。结果表明,强化的经济和社会互动网络对长期狩猎采集人口轨迹的影响有限,超出了环境驱动因素已经禁止的范围。海洋资源开发、聚落模式和技术响应。至关重要的是,人口动态与重大的环境变化密切相关。我们评估了相互竞争的假设,并认为同步源于对共享环境变化的类似反应。我们认为这是“莫兰效应”的史前人类例子,假设地理上不同的人群对共享的环境驱动因素有类似的反应。结果表明,强化的经济和社会互动网络对长期狩猎采集人口轨迹的影响有限,超出了环境驱动因素已经禁止的范围。我们评估了相互竞争的假设,并认为同步源于对共享环境变化的类似反应。我们认为这是“莫兰效应”的史前人类例子,假设地理上不同的人群对共享的环境驱动因素有类似的反应。结果表明,强化的经济和社会互动网络对长期狩猎采集人口轨迹的影响有限,超出了环境驱动因素已经禁止的范围。我们评估了相互竞争的假设,并认为同步源于对共享环境变化的类似反应。我们认为这是“莫兰效应”的史前人类例子,假设地理上不同的人群对共享的环境驱动因素有类似的反应。结果表明,强化的经济和社会互动网络对长期狩猎采集人口轨迹的影响有限,超出了环境驱动因素已经禁止的范围。

更新日期:2020-03-16
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