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MOMENTS OF RANDOM MULTIPLICATIVE FUNCTIONS, I: LOW MOMENTS, BETTER THAN SQUAREROOT CANCELLATION, AND CRITICAL MULTIPLICATIVE CHAOS
Forum of Mathematics, Pi ( IF 2.955 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-20 , DOI: 10.1017/fmp.2019.7
ADAM J. HARPER

We determine the order of magnitude of $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|^{2q}$ , where $f(n)$ is a Steinhaus or Rademacher random multiplicative function, and $0\leqslant q\leqslant 1$ . In the Steinhaus case, this is equivalent to determining the order of $\lim _{T\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{T}\int _{0}^{T}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}n^{-it}|^{2q}\,dt$ . In particular, we find that $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|\asymp \sqrt{x}/(\log \log x)^{1/4}$ . This proves a conjecture of Helson that one should have better than squareroot cancellation in the first moment and disproves counter-conjectures of various other authors. We deduce some consequences for the distribution and large deviations of $\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)$ . The proofs develop a connection between $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|^{2q}$ and the $q$ th moment of a critical, approximately Gaussian, multiplicative chaos and then establish the required estimates for that. We include some general introductory discussion about critical multiplicative chaos to help readers unfamiliar with that area.

中文翻译:

随机乘法函数的矩,I:低矩,优于平方根对消,以及临界乘法混沌

我们确定数量级 $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|^{2q}$ , 在哪里 $f(n)$ 是 Steinhaus 或 Rademacher 随机乘法函数,并且 $0\leqslant q\leqslant 1$ . 在 Steinhaus 的情况下,这相当于确定 $\lim _{T\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{T}\int _{0}^{T}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}n^{-it}|^{2q} \,dt$ . 特别是,我们发现 $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|\asymp \sqrt{x}/(\log \log x)^{1/4}$ . 这证明了 Helson 的一个猜想,即一个人应该在一开始就具有优于平方根对消的能力,并反驳了其他各种作者的反猜想。我们推断了分布和大偏差的一些后果 $\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)$ . 证明建立了之间的联系 $\mathbb{E}|\sum _{n\leqslant x}f(n)|^{2q}$ $q$ 临界的、近似高斯的、乘法混沌的时刻,然后为此建立所需的估计。我们包括一些关于临界乘法混沌的一般介绍性讨论,以帮助不熟悉该领域的读者。
更新日期:2020-01-20
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