Mesenchymal stem cells sheets have been verified as a promising non-scaffold strategy for bone regeneration. Alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, derived from neural crest, have the character of easily obtained and strong multi-differential potential. However, the bone regenerative features of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets in the craniofacial region remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repairment characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets derived from alveolar bone (alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) and iliac bone (Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro and in vivo. Histology character, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression of human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were compared in vitro. The cell sheets were implanted in rabbit calvarial defects to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the specific gene and pathways expression profile of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our results showed that alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had higher osteogenic differentiation than Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although no obvious differences were found in the histological structure, fibronectin and integrin β1 expression between them, alveolar-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet exhibited higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic marker genes. After being transplanted in the rabbit calvarial defects area, the results showed that greater bone volume and trabecular thickness regeneration were found in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet group compared to Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Finally, datasets of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (another neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells) versus umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were analyzed. Total 71 differential genes were identified by overlap between the 2 datasets. Homeobox genes, such as LHX8, MKX, PAX9, MSX, and HOX, were identified as the most significantly changed and would be potential specific genes in neural crest mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the Al-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet-based tissue regeneration appears to be a promising strategy for craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.

间充质干细胞片已被证实是一种有前途的无支架骨再生策略。来自神经c的肺泡骨髓间充质干细胞具有易于获得和强大的多分化潜能的特点。然而，在颅面部区域的肺泡骨髓间充质干细胞片的骨再生特征仍不清楚。本研究的目的是比较骨髓成骨细胞分化和骨缺损修复特性的间充质干细胞从牙槽骨衍生的细胞片（牙槽骨骨髓间充质干细胞）和髂骨（经度骨髓间充质干细胞）在体外和体内。组织学特征，成骨细胞分化，和人肺泡骨髓成骨基因表达间充质干细胞和经度骨髓间充质干细胞进行了比较的体外。将细胞片植入兔颅盖缺损处以评估组织再生特性。整合的生物信息学分析用于揭示肺泡骨髓间充质干细胞的特定基因和途径表达谱。我们的研究结果表明，肺泡骨髓间充质干细胞比隆骨骨髓间充质干细胞具有更高的成骨分化能力。尽管两者的组织学结构，纤连蛋白和整联蛋白β1的表达没有明显差异，但肺泡骨髓间充质干细胞表层的矿物质沉积和成骨标记基因表达水平较高。在兔颅盖缺损区移植后，结果表明，在4周和8周时，与骨髓间充质干细胞组相比，骨髓间充质干细胞片组的骨体积和小梁厚度再生更大。最后，分析了骨髓间充质干细胞与Lon-Bone骨髓间充质干细胞，牙周膜间充质干细胞（另一个神经c衍生的间充质干细胞）与脐带间充质干细胞的数据集。通过两个数据集之间的重叠鉴定出总共71个差异基因。同源盒基因，例如 分析了牙周膜间充质干细胞（另一个神经c衍生的间充质干细胞）与脐带间充质干细胞的关系。通过两个数据集之间的重叠鉴定出总共71个差异基因。同源盒基因，例如 分析了牙周膜间充质干细胞（另一个神经c衍生的间充质干细胞）与脐带间充质干细胞的关系。通过两个数据集之间的重叠鉴定出总共71个差异基因。同源盒基因，例如LHX8，MKX，PAX9，MSX和HOX被确定为变化最大的基因，可能是神经c间充质干细胞中潜在的特定基因。总之，基于骨髓的骨髓间充质干细胞薄片的组织再生似乎是在未来临床应用中修复颅面部缺陷的有前途的策略。