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Optimization of direct transesterification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa catalyzed by waste egg shell based heterogenous nano – CaO catalyst
Renewable Energy ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.06.010
Shamshad Ahmad , Shalini Chaudhary , Vinayak V. Pathak , Richa Kothari , V.V. Tyagi

Abstract In present study, heterogeneous Nano-CaO catalyst was synthesized from waste egg shell (WES) and its potential was investigated for direct transesterification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Catalyst was synthesized by calcination-hydration–dehydration (C–H-D) process and found to have crystalline structure with average size of 23.65 nm and 64.51 m2/g of surface area as confirmed by XRD and BET analysis. SEM-EDX analysis further confirmed that obtained Nano catalyst is mesoporous with average pore size of 9.28 nm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of direct transesterification by varying the catalyst dosage (%), reaction temperature (°C) and time (min). The maximum yield of FAME (93.44%) was obtained with combination of 2.06% wt/wt catalyst with 180 min of time and 60 °C temperature. Further, biodiesel was characterized for iodine value, cloud point, pour point, cetane number, higher heating value, acid value and density, which were about 204.14 gI2/100g,-4.5 °C, 5.4 °C, 32.29, 38.03 MJ/kg, 0.83 mgKOH/g, 0.85 g/cm3 respectively. The reusability and stability of Nano-CaO catalyst was found up to 6 cycles. Findings of this research study support that Nano-CaO catalyst derived from WES is a low cost and sustainable source of catalyst that can be effectively used for biodiesel production.

中文翻译:

废蛋壳基多相纳米CaO催化剂催化蛋白核小球藻直接酯交换反应的优化

摘要 在本研究中,以废蛋壳 (WES) 为原料合成了多相纳米 CaO 催化剂,并研究了其用于蛋白核小球藻直接酯交换的潜力。催化剂是通过煅烧-水合-脱水 (C-HD) 工艺合成的,经 XRD 和 BET 分析证实,催化剂具有平均尺寸为 23.65 nm 和表面积为 64.51 m2/g 的晶体结构。SEM-EDX分析进一步证实所得纳米催化剂具有介孔性,平均孔径为9.28 nm。响应面法 (RSM) 用于通过改变催化剂用量 (%)、反应温度 (°C) 和时间 (min) 来优化直接酯交换。FAME 的最大产率 (93.44%) 是在 2.06% wt/wt 催化剂与 180 分钟的时间和 60 °C 温度的组合下获得的。更多,生物柴油的碘值、浊点、倾点、十六烷值、较高的热值、酸值和密度表征为约204.14 gI2/100g,-4.5 °C, 5.4 °C, 32.29, 38.03 MJ/kg, 0.83 mgKOH/g、0.85 g/cm3。Nano-CaO 催化剂的重复使用性和稳定性达到 6 次循环。本研究的结果支持源自 WES 的纳米 CaO 催化剂是一种低成本且可持续的催化剂来源,可有效用于生物柴油生产。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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