The recent use of non-fullerene materials has significantly increased the efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV), with ternary OPVs providing an effective means of further enhancing the performance. In this study, we evaluated the role played by the small molecule Y6 as the third component in additive-free PM6 (polymer): Y6:IT-4F (small molecule) ternary OPVs. We used UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy to study the effects of various blend ratios on the optoelectronic properties of these OPVs. At the optimized PM6:Y6:IT-4F blend ratio (1:0.35:0.75), we observed the presence of Y6:IT-4F intermediates that efficiently suppressed the over-segregation of Y6 and increased the degree of carrier transport. The optimized ternary OPV delivered an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6 ± 0.29% and the best PCE of 14.14%, which was 23% enhancement compared with the binary OPV. The findings suggest that dual effects, caused by the use of solvent and optimization of the blending ratio of primary and secondary acceptors, significantly influence the performance of OPVs.

非富勒烯材料的最新使用显着提高了有机光伏（OPV）的效率，三元OPV提供了进一步提高性能的有效手段。在这项研究中，我们评估了小分子Y6在无添加剂PM6（聚合物）：Y6：IT-4F（小分子）三元OPV中作为第三组分的作用。我们使用UV-Vis光谱，光致发光光谱和敲击模式原子力显微镜研究了各种混合比例对这些OPV光电性能的影响。在优化的PM6：Y6：IT-4F混合比（1：0.35：0.75）下，我们观察到Y6：IT-4F中间体的存在，该中间体有效地抑制了Y6的过度分离并增加了载流子的转运程度。经过优化的三元OPV的平均功率转换效率（PCE）为13。6±0.29％，最佳PCE为14.14％，与二元OPV相比提高了23％。研究结果表明，由溶剂的使用和主要受体和次要受体的混合比的优化所引起的双重影响会极大地影响OPV的性能。