The most common mechanism of the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the expIdentification of cisplatin and palladiuression of β-lactamases, which can hydrolyze the β-lactam moiety and deactivate these antimicrobials. The worldwide prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), also known as carbapenemase has created distress among clinicians. NDM-1 is a type of metallo β-lactamase (type of β-lactamases which require metal ions for their catalytic action) produced in pathogens carrying bla_NDM-1 gene. These NDM-1 producing pathogens are resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics including carbapenems and are greatest threat to public health as they can easily extend via horizontal gene transfer. Various NDM-1 variants have been evolved over time and it may further evolve in the future due to several factors such as bacterial gene mutation and overuse of antibiotics. In the past 10 years, various NDM-1 inhibitors have been reported showing diverse chemical structure. In spite of a great development in terms of structural and mechanistic information, the design of a potent inhibitor of NDM-1 to be approved clinically remains challenging, this could be due to structural complexity of the enzyme that limits the development of clinically useful NDM-1 inhibitors. Along with designing of novel and effective NDM-1 inhibitors, measures should be taken for controlling multidrug resistance. Currently, there is non-availability of NDM-1 inhibitors clinically therefore clinicians are facing a huge challenge in treating infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review article has been planned to discuss about antibiotic resistance, NDM-1, mechanism of antibiotic resistance by NDM-1, and recent updates in the development of NDM-1 inhibitors as well as mechanism of action of NDM-1 inhibitors.

中文翻译：

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新德里metallo-β-lactamase-1抑制剂与抗生素耐药性作斗争：最新进展

对β-内酰胺类抗生素产生耐药性的最常见机制是顺铂的鉴定和β-内酰胺酶的缩醛降解，它们可以水解β-内酰胺部分并使这些抗微生物剂失活。新德里的金属β-内酰胺酶-1（NDM-1）（又称碳青霉烯酶）在全球范围内的流行已使临床医生感到困扰。NDM-1是在携带bla _NDM-1的病原体中产生的一种金属β-内酰胺酶（β-内酰胺酶类型，需要金属离子才能发挥催化作用）基因。这些产生NDM-1的病原体对包括碳青霉烯类在内的所有β-内酰胺抗生素均具有抗性，并且由于它们可以通过水平基因转移轻松扩展，因此对公共健康构成最大威胁。随着时间的推移，各种NDM-1变体已经进化，并且由于诸如细菌基因突变和抗生素过度使用等多种因素，其将来可能会进一步进化。在过去的十年中，已经报道了各种NDM-1抑制剂，它们显示出不同的化学结构。尽管在结构和机理信息方面取得了长足发展，但要临床批准的有效NDM-1抑制剂的设计仍具有挑战性，这可能是由于酶的结构复杂性限制了临床上有用的NDM- 1种抑制剂。在设计新颖有效的NDM-1抑制剂的同时，应采取措施控制多药耐药性。当前，临床上尚无NDM-1抑制剂，因此临床医生在治疗由耐多药细菌引起的感染方面面临巨大挑战。这篇综述文章已计划讨论有关抗生素抗性，NDM-1，NDM-1对抗生素的抗性机制以及NDM-1抑制剂发展以及NDM-1抑制剂作用机理的最新进展。