Among the major bacterial secretions, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are significant and highly functional. The proteins and other biomolecules identified within OMVs provide new insights into the possible functions of OMVs in bacteria. OMVs are rich in proteins, nucleic acids, toxins and virulence factors that play a critical role in bacteria-host interactions. In this review, we discuss some proteins with multifunctional features from bacterial OMVs and their role involving the mechanisms of bacterial survival and defence. Proteins with moonlighting activities in OMVs are discussed based on their functions in bacteria. OMVs harbour many other proteins that are important, such as proteins involved in virulence, defence, and competition. Overall, OMVs are a power-packed aid for bacteria, harbouring many defensive and moonlighting proteins and acting as a survival kit in case of an emergency or as a defence weapon. In summary, OMVs can be defined as bug-out bags for bacterial defence and, therefore, survival.

中文翻译：

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细菌灭活袋：外膜囊泡及其蛋白质和功能。

在主要的细菌分泌物中，外膜囊泡（OMV）非常重要且功能强大。OMV中鉴定出的蛋白质和其他生物分子为细菌中OMV的可能功能提供了新的见解。OMV富含蛋白质，核酸，毒素和毒力因子，它们在细菌与宿主之间的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细菌OMV具有某些多功能功能的蛋白质及其作用，这些作用涉及细菌存活和防御的机制。基于它们在细菌中的功能，讨论了在OMV中具有月光照活性的蛋白质。OMV包含许多其他重要的蛋白质，例如，涉及毒性，防御和竞争的蛋白质。总体而言，OMV是细菌的强大辅助工具，包含许多防御性和月光蛋白，并在紧急情况下充当生存工具或充当防御武器。总而言之，OMV可以定义为细菌防御和生存的防虫袋。