One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, in the form of tubes, fibres or wires, tend to exhibit superior charge transport, a property borne out of their dimensionality. The challenge has been in controlling their random footprints during device fabrication, which is often addressed via dielectrophoresis. In the present work, we report dielectrophoresis aided guiding of 1D supramolecular nanofibres and assembling them to form a nanofibrous mat. The nanofibres are made up of a donor–acceptor assembly of coronene tetracarboxylate salt (CS) and dodecyl methyl viologen (DMV), containing K⁺ and Br⁻ as counter ions, respectively, and they were drop-cast onto a Ti microgap electrode to perform as a solid electrolyte to construct a planar supercapacitor. To facilitate the alignment of nanofibres in the form of a mat across the electrodes, the applied electric field (both frequency and voltage) and the time duration were optimised. With an AC voltage of 2 V (peak to peak) at 500 Hz, the capacitance could be enhanced by up to an order. The device performed flawlessly up to a potential window as wide as 8 V, with semi-rectangular CV loops retained even with an ultrahigh scan rate of 10 000 V s⁻¹. The device was found to be stable even after 50 000 charge–discharge cycles with 89% capacitance retention. Furthermore, by sprinkling hygroscopic KBr crystallites in the neighbourhood of the nanofibres while maintaining a relative humidity of 90%, the device performance was further enhanced by 20 times to achieve ∼388.3 mF cm⁻², a remarkable value among planar supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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电场辅助一维超分子纳米纤维的组装，以增强超电容性能

管，纤维或金属丝形式的一维（1D）纳米材料往往表现出优异的电荷传输，这是其尺寸所证实的特性。挑战在于控制它们在器件制造过程中的随机足迹，这通常通过介电泳来解决。在目前的工作中，我们报告介电电泳辅助一维超分子纳米纤维的引导和组装，以形成纳米纤维垫。纳米纤维是由施主-受主的组件晕苯四羧酸盐（CS）和十二烷基甲基紫精（DMV）的，包含K ⁺和Br ^-分别将它们作为抗衡离子，然后将它们滴铸到Ti微间隙电极上，以用作固体电解质，以构建平面超级电容器。为了促进以纳米垫的形式跨电极排列纳米纤维，对施加的电场（频率和电压）和持续时间进行了优化。在500 Hz的交流电压为2 V（峰峰值）的情况下，电容可以提高一个数量级。该器件可在高达8 V的潜在窗口范围内完美运行，即使在10 000 V s ^-1的超高扫描速率下也可保留半矩形CV环路。发现该设备即使经过5万次充放电循环仍具有89％的电容保持率，仍是稳定的。此外，通过将吸湿性KBr微晶散布在纳米纤维附近，同时保持90％的相对湿度，器件性能进一步提高了20倍，达到约388.3 mF cm ^-2，这在平面超级电容器中具有显着价值。