This study models emissions quantities and neighboring exposure concentrations of six airborne pollutants, including PM₁₀, PM_2.5, crystalline silica, arsenic, uranium, and barium, which resulted from the disposal of Marcellus shale drill cuttings waste during the 2011–2017 period. Using these predicted exposures, this study evaluates current setback distances required in Pennsylvania from waste facilities. For potential residents living at the perimeter of the current setback distance, 274 m (900 ft), a waste disposal rate of 612.4 metric tons per day at landfills (the 99th percentile in record) does not result in exceedances of the exposure limits for any of the six investigated pollutants. However, the current setback distance can result in exceedance with respect to the 24-hr daily concentration standards for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 established in the National Air Ambient Quality Standards (NAAQS), if daily waste disposal rate surpasses 900 metric tons per day. Dry depositions of barium-containing and uranium-containing particulate matter should not be a danger to public health based on these results. To investigate the air quality impacts of waste transportation and the potential for reductions, this article describes an optimization of landfill locations in Pennsylvania indicating the potential benefits in reduced environmental health hazard level possible by decreasing the distance traveled by waste disposal trucks. This strategy could reduce annual emissions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 by a mean of 64% and reduce the expected number of annual fatal accidents by nearly half, and should be considered a potential risk management goal in the long run. Therefore, policy to limit or encourage reduction of distances traveled by waste removal trucks and manage setback distances as a function of delivered waste quantities is merited.

Implications

This study shows the necessity of reviewing current setback distance required in Pennsylvania, which might not ensure 24-hr mean PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 levels below the values stated in National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the residents living at the perimeter. Furthermore, this study also reveals potential tremendous benefits from optimizing location of landfills accepting drill cuttings within Pennsylvania, with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emission, total distance traveled shrinking, and number of fatal accidents shrinking by nearly half.

中文翻译：

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与马赛勒斯页岩钻井废物处置和运输相关的颗粒物排放。

本研究对六种空气污染物（包括PM ₁₀和PM _2.5）的排放量和邻近暴露浓度进行建模，结晶二氧化硅，砷，铀和钡，这是2011年至2017年期间处置Marcellus页岩钻屑产生的结果。使用这些预测的暴露量，本研究评估了宾夕法尼亚州距废物处理设施当前所需的后退距离。对于生活在当前倒退距离周长274 m（900 ft）范围内的潜在居民，垃圾填埋场（记录的第99个百分位）每天的垃圾处理率为612.4公吨，不会导致任何被调查的六种污染物中。但是，当前的后退距离可能会导致超出PM ₁₀和PM _2.5的24小时每日浓度标准如果每天的废物处理量超过每天900公吨，则按照国家空气质量标准（NAAQS）的规定进行。基于这些结果，含钡和含铀颗粒物的干式沉积不应对公众健康构成威胁。为了调查废物运输对空气质量的影响以及减少废物的潜力，本文介绍了宾夕法尼亚州垃圾填埋场的优化，表明通过减少废物处理卡车的行驶距离，可以降低环境健康危害水平，从而具有潜在的好处。该策略可以减少PM ₁₀和PM _2.5的年排放量平均减少64％，并将预期的年度致命事故数量减少近一半，从长远来看，应将其视为潜在的风险管理目标。因此，应该制定政策来限制或鼓励减少垃圾搬运车的行驶距离，并根据所交付的垃圾量来管理退避距离。

含义

这项研究表明，有必要审查宾夕法尼亚州当前的退避距离，这可能无法确保24小时平均PM ₁₀和PM _2.5水平低于居住在周边地区的居民的《国家环境空气质量标准》中规定的值。此外，这项研究还表明，优化宾夕法尼亚州接受钻屑的垃圾填埋场的位置具有潜在的巨大好处，可减少PM ₁₀和PM _2.5的排放，减少行进的总距离，并将致命事故的数量减少近一半。