Introduction

A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of water. The displacement may result from ‘bottom‐up’ seabed movement, such as that caused by earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions or ‘top‐down’ movement, from pressure perturbations in the atmosphere. These ‘top‐down’ events are termed meteotsunamis. Meteotsunamis frequently occur in the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, the east coast and Great Lakes of North America, and Japan, so they are not exclusive to the United Kingdom (UK). The most recent meteotsunami near the UK coast was in May 2017, when waves around 2m in elevation, generated by a storm passing over the UK, struck the coast of the Netherlands. Historical documents covering the past 150 years describe many meteotsunamis from UK coastal waters (Haslett et al., 2009; Haslett and Bryant, 2009; Tappin et al., 2013; Vilibić et al., 2015; O'Brien et al., 2018). Some of these events have resulted in fatalities, involving beach users who were struck by unexpected sea waves.

Meteotsunamis commonly strike the coasts of the UK, damaging harbours, boats and very rarely, causing fatalities. In the UK, they were usually detected by analysis after the event, unless witnessed first‐hand. This post‐event analysis is particularly necessary in the UK because the data provided by the tide gauge system, operated by the Environment Agency, only records at 15‐minute intervals, not in real time as in the rest of Europe. The periods of meteotsunamis are in the range of minutes to tens of minutes (Pattiaratchi and Wijeratne, 2015). A frequency of tens of minutes is similar to a typical frequency expected from a meteotsunami that would have an amplified response from harbour or bay resonance (Tappin et al., 2013). Therefore, those occurring in UK waters are not often recorded with the present tide gauge settings and as a consequence, cannot be analysed effectively.

中文翻译：

---

英国海啸：事件及其发生频率的修订和更新

介绍

海啸是由水的置换引起的一系列波浪。位移可能是由海底“自下而上”的运动引起的，例如地震，滑坡，火山喷发或“自上而下”的运动，是由于大气中的压力扰动引起的。这些“自上而下”的事件称为海啸。流星海啸经常发生在地中海，波罗的海，北美洲的东海岸和大湖以及日本，因此它们并非英国（UK）所独有。英国海岸附近的最近一次海啸发生在2017年5月，当时一场暴风雨席卷英国，引发了大约2m的海浪袭击荷兰海岸。过去150年的历史文献描述了来自英国沿海水域的许多海啸（Haslett等，2009）。; 哈斯莱特和科比，2009年；Tappin等，2013；Vilibić等人，2015；O'Brien et al。，2018）。其中一些事件导致死亡，涉及海滩使用者，这些使用者被意外的海浪袭击。

流星海啸通常袭击英国海岸，对港口，船只造成损害，而且极少见，造成死亡。在英国，事件发生后通常会通过分析检测到它们，除非亲眼目睹。在英国，这种事后分析尤其必要，因为由环境署运营的潮汐仪系统提供的数据仅每隔15分钟记录一次，而不像欧洲其他地区那样实时记录。发生海啸的时间在数分钟到数十分钟之间（Pattiaratchi和Wijeratne，2015年）。几十分钟的频率类似于流星海浪预期的典型频率，该频率会因港口或海湾共振而放大响应（Tappin等，2013）。）。因此，在英国水域发生的那些事件通常不会用当前的潮汐仪设置进行记录，因此，不能进行有效的分析。