Tomato and strawberry are the most important protected crops in Lebanon and are seriously affected by grey mould disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea. In the present study, the fungicide sensitivity assays revealed medium to high frequencies of B. cinerea isolates resistant to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, and anilinopyrimidines on tomato and strawberry. Fludioxonil‐ and boscalid‐resistant mutants were uncommonly found at generally low frequency on both crops. Resistance to fenhexamid was detected in only one site on tomato but in most sites on strawberry with high frequencies, and the occurrence of resistance to QoI fungicides was ascertained on both crops. The majority of the tested isolates (>90%) exhibited multiple fungicide resistance, and isolates resistant to the seven antibotrydial fungicide classes were detected on strawberry in three locations. A high level of resistance was shown by B. cinerea mutants resistant to boscalid, fenhexamid, and QoI fungicides, while two levels of moderate and high resistance to anilinopyrimidines were identified. Genetic analysis revealed point mutations in the target genes commonly associated with resistance in B. cinerea isolates, with all mutants resistant to dicarboximides, fenhexamid, boscalid, and QoI fungicides carrying single‐nucleotide polymorphims in BcOS1 (I365S/N, Q369P, and N373S), Erg27 (F412V/I), SdhB (H272R/Y), and cytb (G143A) genes, respectively. The general incorrect use of fungicides has caused the development and spread of fungicide resistance as a widespread phenomenon on protected tomato and strawberry in Lebanon. The implementation of appropriate antiresistance strategies is highly recommended.

中文翻译：

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黎巴嫩灰葡萄孢菌种群对几种杀菌剂对温室番茄和草莓的抗药性

番茄和草莓是黎巴嫩最重要的受保护作物，并受到灰葡萄孢菌引起的灰霉病的严重影响。在本研究中，杀菌剂敏感性测定揭示了B的中频到高频。灰质分离物对番茄和草莓的苯并咪唑，二甲酰亚胺和苯胺嘧啶具有抗性。在两种农作物中，氟嘧菌腈和抗虫鳞病的突变体通常很少出现。仅在番茄的一个部位检出了对苯六甲酰胺的抗性，而草莓上的大多数部位检出的对苯六甲酰胺的抗性较高，并且在两种农作物中都确定了对QoI杀菌剂的抗性。大多数测试菌株（> 90％）均表现出多重抗真菌能力，在草莓的三个位置检测到对七种抗微生物杀菌剂具有抗性的菌株。灰葡萄芽孢杆菌显示出高水平的抗性对boscalid，fenhexamid和QoI杀真菌剂有抗性的突变体，同时鉴定出对苯胺嘧啶有两个中等和高抗性水平。遗传分析显示靶基因中的点突变通常与B的抗性有关。灰霉病菌分离株，所有突变体均对BcOS1（I365S / N，Q369P和N373S），Erg27（F412V / I），SdhB（H272R / Y）和cytb（G143A）基因。普遍不正确使用杀真菌剂已导致抗杀真菌剂的产生和传播，这是黎巴嫩受保护的番茄和草莓普遍存在的现象。强烈建议执行适当的抗电阻策略。