A new version of the long‐term Australian temperature data set, known as ACORN‐SAT (Australian Climate Observations Reference Network—Surface Air Temperature), has been developed. ACORN‐SAT includes homogenized daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 112 locations across Australia, encompassing the period from 1910 to the present, with 60 of the locations having data for the full 1910–2018 period. Homogenization is achieved using a percentile‐matching methodology with a number of improvements beyond practices used in previous versions, including more effective detection and removal of potentially inhomogeneous reference stations and an enhanced breakpoint detection methodology. Explicit corrections have also been introduced for a change in instrument screen size, whilst an assessment has found that the transition from manual to automatic instruments and changes in effective response time of automatic instruments have had a negligible impact on the data. Adjustments associated with documented site moves from in‐town to out‐of‐town locations are predominantly negative, particularly for minimum temperature, with other adjustments showing no strong bias towards either positive or negative values. The new data set shows slightly stronger warming (0.12°C per decade in mean temperature over the 1910–2016 period) than either the previous ACORN‐SAT version (0.10°C) or the unhomogenized gridded data (0.08°C), primarily due to more effective treatment of systematic moves of sites out of towns and the removal of a rounding bias in the version 1 methodology.

中文翻译：

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更新的澳大利亚长期平均日温度数据集

已经开发了一个新的澳大利亚长期温度数据集，称为ACORN-SAT（澳大利亚气候观测参考网络-地表气温）。ACORN-SAT包括从1910年至今的澳大利亚112个地点的每日平均最高和最低温度数据，其中60个地点的温度数据涵盖了1910-2018年的整个期间。使用百分位数匹配方法可以实现同质化，并在以前版本中使用的实践之外进行了许多改进，包括更有效地检测和删除潜在的不均匀参考站，以及增强的断点检测方法。还针对仪表屏幕尺寸的变化进行了显式更正，评估发现，从手动仪器到自动仪器的过渡以及自动仪器的有效响应时间的变化对数据的影响可忽略不计。与有据可查的站点从市区内迁移到市区外相关的调整主要是负的，特别是对于最低温度，其他调整没有显示出对正值或负值的强烈偏见。新的数据集显示，与以前的ACORN-SAT版本（0.10°C）或未均匀化的网格数据（0.08°C）相比，变暖略强（1910-2016年期间平均温度每十年每度0.12°C）。更加有效地处理站点从城镇的系统迁移，并消除了版本1方法中的舍入偏差。