Abstract Catalyst screening at micro-scale was performed for atmospheric hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fast pyrolysis vapors from biomass (wheat straw). The performance of TiO2-supported Pt and MoO3 catalysts and ZrO2 and TiO2-supported WO3 catalysts was compared to industrial Mo- and NiMo based catalysts. In addition, the HDO activity of an industrial HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 extrudate promoted by MoO3 was investigated. In comparison with unpromoted acidic catalysts such as HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3, decreased deactivation rates and coke yields were obtained with catalysts that are active in HDO. Mo-based catalysts showed a higher selectivity to aromatics compared to aliphatics, while vapor upgrading with Pt/TiO2 favored aliphatics, thereby achieving the highest effective hydrogen index of the non-condensed vapors amongst the tested catalysts. Bulk WO3 was active for deoxygenation (23 % oxygen removal), albeit to a lesser extent compared to bulk MoO3 (37 % oxygen removal). Compared at the same mass of bulk transition metal oxide, the TiO2-supported WO3 and MoO3 catalysts obtained nearly complete deoxygenation (86–96 % oxygen removal), again with the supported MoO3 being more active compared to supported WO3 catalyst. For the production of renewable fuels and/or chemicals from biomass via HDO of pyrolysis vapors the catalyst cost directly influences the economy and sustainability of the process. Therefore, this study further investigated red mud, an abundantly produced industrial waste from aluminum industries, and bog iron as two low-cost transition metal catalysts that are rich in iron. These two catalysts were tested at 4 times higher loading (8 mg) than the high-performing catalysts (2 mg). Under these conditions, an oxygen removal of 51 % and 61 % at vapor carbon yields of 22 wt% C and 14 wt% C were obtained for bog iron and red mud, respectively. Both catalysts showed a high selectivity to monoaromatics and ketones. However, bog iron obtained a higher yield of ketones compared to red mud. In addition, phenolics were converted completely by red mud, indicating a higher activity compared to bog iron.

中文翻译：

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用于高效转化秸秆热解蒸汽的加氢脱氧催化剂的微型热解器筛选

摘要 对来自生物质（小麦秸秆）的快速热解蒸汽的常压加氢脱氧 (HDO) 进行了微尺度催化剂筛选。将 TiO2 负载的 Pt 和 MoO3 催化剂以及 ZrO2 和 TiO2 负载的 WO3 催化剂的性能与工业 Mo 和 NiMo 基催化剂进行了比较。此外，研究了由 MoO3 促进的工业 HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 挤出物的 HDO 活性。与未促进的酸性催化剂（如 HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3）相比，在 HDO 中具有活性的催化剂可降低失活率和焦炭产率。与脂肪族化合物相比，Mo 基催化剂对芳烃显示出更高的选择性，而用 Pt/TiO2 进行的蒸气升级有利于脂肪族化合物，从而在测试的催化剂中实现了非冷凝蒸气的最高有效氢指数。块状 WO3 具有脱氧活性（23% 的氧去除），尽管与块状 MoO3（37% 的氧去除）相比程度较低。与相同质量的块状过渡金属氧化物相比，TiO2 负载的 WO3 和 MoO3 催化剂几乎完全脱氧（86-96% 的氧去除），同样与负载的 WO3 催化剂相比，负载的 MoO3 更具活性。对于通过热解蒸汽的 HDO 由生物质生产可再生燃料和/或化学品，催化剂成本直接影响该过程的经济性和可持续性。因此，本研究进一步研究了赤泥（铝工业产生的大量工业废物）和沼铁作为两种富含铁的低成本过渡金属催化剂。这两种催化剂在比高性能催化剂（2mg）高 4 倍的负载量（8mg）下进行测试。在这些条件下，对于沼铁和赤泥，分别获得了 51% 和 61% 的氧气去除率，蒸汽碳产率为 22 wt% C 和 14 wt% C。两种催化剂都对单芳烃和酮表现出高选择性。然而，与赤泥相比，沼铁获得更高的酮产量。此外，酚类物质被赤泥完全转化，表明与沼铁相比具有更高的活性。