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Analysis of RED/dRED stack performance using a resistances in series model
Desalination ( IF 9.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114505
Vishal V. Wagholikar , Han Zhuang , Neil E. Moe , John Barber , Harikrishnan Ramanan , Jerry Y.H. Fuh

Abstract In this study, reverse electrodialysis (RED) and driven RED (dRED) experiments were performed for a wide range of conditions, encompassing different inter-membrane distances (or spacer thicknesses), spacer shadow factors, salinity gradients and flow velocities. A resistances in series (RIS) model was proposed based on average concentrations in the stack chambers and tested to describe voltage-current relationships under the above conditions. Membrane resistances were modeled to be a function of solution concentrations as determined by non-contact resistance (NCR) experiments. The potential of RED and dRED was evaluated for demineralizing SWRO brine. The RIS model showed reasonable agreement with experiments under most conditions, consistent with a picture where membrane and spacer resistances are purely additive. The range of the RED region, where mass transfer is spontaneous, was significantly enhanced on the voltage-current curve upon using the 0.11 mm thick spacer “type C” that was characterized by an open mesh having a low shadow factor of 1.13. A maximum gross power density of −2.45 W/m2 was achieved using 0.9 M and 0.02 M NaCl solutions in the concentrate and dilute streams respectively, the highest reported so far for similar salinity gradients. The process feasibility was examined from the point of view of net power density and operation at short circuit currents. This data can be used for designing electro-membrane stacks and operating them under optimum conditions for minimizing the capital and operating expenditure of a RED/dRED plant.

中文翻译:

使用串联电阻模型分析 RED/dRED 堆栈性能

摘要 在这项研究中,反向电渗析 (RED) 和驱动 RED (dRED) 实验在广泛的条件下进行,包括不同的膜间距离(或隔板厚度)、隔板阴影因子、盐度梯度和流速。串联电阻 (RIS) 模型是基于堆室中的平均浓度提出的,并进行了测试以描述上述条件下的电压-电流关系。膜电阻被建模为由非接触电阻 (NCR) 实验确定的溶液浓度的函数。评估了 RED 和 dRED 对 SWRO 盐水脱矿质的潜力。RIS 模型在大多数条件下与实验显示出合理的一致性,与膜和间隔电阻完全相加的图片一致。使用 0.11 毫米厚的“C 型”隔板(其特征在于具有 1.13 的低阴影系数的开放网格)后,红色区域的范围(其中质量转移是自发的)在电压-电流曲线上显着增强。分别在浓缩液和稀流中使用 0.9 M 和 0.02 M NaCl 溶液实现了 -2.45 W/m2 的最大总功率密度,这是迄今为止报告的类似盐度梯度的最高值。从净功率密度和短路电流操作的角度检查工艺可行性。该数据可用于设计电膜堆栈并在最佳条件下运行它们,以最大限度地减少 RED/dRED 工厂的资本和运营支出。11 毫米厚的“C 型”垫片,其特征在于具有 1.13 低阴影系数的开放网格。分别在浓缩液和稀流中使用 0.9 M 和 0.02 M NaCl 溶液实现了 -2.45 W/m2 的最大总功率密度,这是迄今为止报告的类似盐度梯度的最高值。从净功率密度和短路电流操作的角度检查工艺可行性。该数据可用于设计电膜堆栈并在最佳条件下运行它们,以最大限度地减少 RED/dRED 工厂的资本和运营支出。11 毫米厚的“C 型”垫片,其特征在于具有 1.13 低阴影系数的开放网格。分别在浓缩液和稀流中使用 0.9 M 和 0.02 M NaCl 溶液实现了 -2.45 W/m2 的最大总功率密度,这是迄今为止报告的类似盐度梯度的最高值。从净功率密度和短路电流操作的角度检查工艺可行性。该数据可用于设计电膜堆栈并在最佳条件下运行它们,以最大限度地减少 RED/dRED 工厂的资本和运营支出。迄今为止报告的类似盐度梯度的最高值。从净功率密度和短路电流操作的角度检查工艺可行性。该数据可用于设计电膜堆栈并在最佳条件下运行它们,以最大限度地减少 RED/dRED 工厂的资本和运营支出。迄今为止报告的类似盐度梯度的最高值。从净功率密度和短路电流操作的角度检查工艺可行性。该数据可用于设计电膜堆栈并在最佳条件下运行它们,以最大限度地减少 RED/dRED 工厂的资本和运营支出。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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