Abstract A growing amount of studies have explored the possible effects of bilingual experience on cognitive processes such executive functions; the early positive findings were followed by recent studies that have failed to replicate the so-called bilingual advantage. So far, evidence remains scarce with regard to developmental cognitive trajectories through the lifespan, as a function of bilingual experience. In the present work, we analyse a relatively large (N = 326) and comprehensive set of data from Albanian-Greek bilingual and Greek monolingual children (N = 119) and adults (N = 207), who were matched on SES level, intelligence and gender. Participants were assessed with the ANT and the Simon task. Results suggest that bilingual experience moderates age-related changes in monitoring in childhood, with overall RTs negatively related to age in both language groups, yet this relationship is weaker among bilingual children. Similar findings were also observed among adults, with age and monitoring correlated among monolinguals, but not in the bilinguals. Finally, only the monolingual participants showed a significant correlation between age and resistance to interference capacity (Simon effect). In conclusion, bilingualism seems to exert a differential influence on the relationship between age, attentional monitoring and resistance to interference capacity depending on the developmental phase studied and the measures obtained.

中文翻译：

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双语对终身认知发展的调节作用

摘要 越来越多的研究探讨了双语体验对认知过程（如执行功能；早期的积极发现之后是最近的研究，这些研究未能复制所谓的双语优势。到目前为止，作为双语经验的函数，关于整个生命周期的发展认知轨迹的证据仍然很少。在目前的工作中，我们分析了来自阿尔巴尼亚 - 希腊双语和希腊单语儿童（N = 119）和成人（N = 207）的一组相对较大（N = 326）和全面的数据，他们在 SES 水平、智力和性别。参与者通过 ANT 和 Simon 任务进行评估。结果表明，双语经验缓和了儿童期监测中与年龄相关的变化，两个语言组的总体 RT 与年龄呈负相关，但这种关系在双语儿童中较弱。在成年人中也观察到了类似的发现，年龄和监测在单语者中相关，但在双语者中不相关。最后，只有单语参与者在年龄和抗干扰能力（西蒙效应）之间表现出显着相关性。总之，双语似乎对年龄、注意力监测和抗干扰能力之间的关系产生不同的影响，这取决于所研究的发展阶段和所获得的措施。只有单语参与者在年龄和抗干扰能力（西蒙效应）之间表现出显着的相关性。总之，双语似乎对年龄、注意力监测和抗干扰能力之间的关系产生不同的影响，这取决于所研究的发展阶段和所获得的措施。只有单语参与者在年龄和抗干扰能力（西蒙效应）之间表现出显着的相关性。总之，双语似乎对年龄、注意力监测和抗干扰能力之间的关系产生不同的影响，这取决于所研究的发展阶段和所获得的措施。