OBJECTIVE Intellectual disability (ID) is described as a general slowness in behavior and an inadequacy in adaptive skills. The present study examines whether behavioral slowness in ID could originate from abnormal complexity in brain signals. METHODS Participants (N = 29) performed a reaction times (RTs) task assessing their individual information processing speeds. Half of the participants had moderate intellectual disability (intelligence quotient (IQ) < 70). Continuous electroencephalogram recording during the resting period was used to quantify brain signal complexity by approximate entropy estimation (ApEn). RESULTS For all participants, a negative correlation between RTs and IQ was found, with longer RTs coinciding with lower IQ. This behavioral slowness in ID was associated with increased temporal regularity in electrocortical brain signals. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral slowness in ID subjects is closely related to lower brain signal complexity. SIGNIFICANCE Brain signal ApEn is shown to correspond with processing speed for the first time: in ID participants, the higher the regularity in brain signals at rest, the slower RTs will be in the active state. ID should be understood as a lack of lability in the cortical transition to the active state, weakening the efficiency of adaptive behavior.

中文翻译：

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休息时大脑活动的时间规律与智力障碍患者的反应时间缓慢有关

目标 智力障碍 (ID) 被描述为行为普遍迟缓和适应技能不足。本研究探讨了 ID 的行为迟缓是否可能源于大脑信号的异常复杂性。方法 参与者 (N = 29) 执行反应时间 (RT) 任务，评估他们个人的信息处理速度。一半的参与者有中度智力障碍（智商 (IQ) < 70）。休息期间的连续脑电图记录用于通过近似熵估计 (ApEn) 量化大脑信号的复杂性。结果 对于所有参与者，发现 RTs 和 IQ 之间呈负相关，较长的 RTs 与较低的 IQ 一致。ID 的这种行为缓慢与皮层脑电信号的时间规律性增加有关。结论 ID 受试者的行为迟缓与较低的大脑信号复杂性密切相关。意义 大脑信号 ApEn 首次被证明与处理速度相对应：在 ID 参与者中，休息时大脑信号的规律性越高，RTs 处于活动状态的速度就越慢。ID 应理解为皮层向活动状态的过渡缺乏不稳定性，削弱了适应性行为的效率。较慢的 RT 将处于活动状态。ID 应理解为皮层向活动状态的过渡缺乏不稳定性，削弱了适应性行为的效率。较慢的 RT 将处于活动状态。ID 应理解为皮层向活动状态的过渡缺乏不稳定性，削弱了适应性行为的效率。