Engineering hierarchical macro/mesoporous structures that offer an abundance of accessible binding sites are highly desirable in protein adsorption processes. However, numerous significant challenges remain. Herein, cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-loaded macroporous silica (CNF-MPS) particles were successfully synthesized with a high degree of accessible binding sites by tuning the macropore size of the silica particles and loading a highly carboxylated CNF via smart and rational design. The as-prepared CNF-MPS particles exhibited a high negative charge (~−59 mV) and excellent protein adsorption ability (>1000 mg/g) in <5 min. Furthermore, tuning the macropore size influenced the CNF deposition either to the external surface or penetrating within the pores. As a result, the optimum macropore successfully enhances the adsorption capability to >1500 mg/g as a result of improved interconnectivity between the channels. Here exposed macropores of >100 nm allows ingress of protein to the interior structure that houses an abundance of binding sites comprising the dispersed CNF. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isothermal parameters were studied to analyze the mechanism of lysozyme adsorption. The adsorption process is confirmed to occur spontaneously at any temperature with a pseudo-second-order model describing the kinetic model, and CNF deposition affecting the heterogeneity of the binding sites.

在蛋白质吸附过程中，非常需要提供大量可及的结合位点的工程分层宏观/中层结构。但是，仍然存在许多重大挑战。本文中，通过调节二氧化硅颗粒的大孔尺寸并通过负载高羧化的CNF，成功地合成了具有纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）的大孔二氧化硅（CNF-MPS）颗粒。精巧合理的设计。所制备的CNF-MPS颗粒在<5分钟内显示出高负电荷（〜-59 mV）和出色的蛋白质吸附能力（> 1000 mg / g）。此外，调节大孔尺寸影响CNF沉积到外表面或渗透到孔内。结果，由于通道之间的互连性提高，最佳大孔将吸附能力成功提高到> 1500 mg / g。在此，> 100 nm的暴露大孔允许蛋白质进入内部结构，该内部结构容纳了包含分散CNF的大量结合位点。此外，还研究了吸附动力学，热力学和等温参数，以分析溶菌酶的吸附机理。