Wildfires are having both devastating and regenerative impacts on the ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Balsamorhiza sagittata and B. deltoidea (balsamroot) are ecologically important species in this region, and B. sagittata populations are increasing, while B. deltoidea is critically imperiled. The aim of this research was to establish in vitro protocols for germination and regeneration of Balsamorhiza spp. to enable conservation efforts. It was hypothesized that karrikins, which are plant growth regulators released from burning plants during wildfires, would induce seed germination in Balsamorhiza spp. Three karrikins (KAR₁, KAR₂, and KAR₁₁) were tested for the ability to enhance germination in these species at two levels (5 or 10 μM). KAR₂ had the strongest positive effect on germination and induced 47% and 60% germination, respectively, in B. sagittata seeds compared to 14% germination obtained in the control (water agar media). In B. deltoidea, KAR₂ treatment resulted in a germination rate of 73.1% and 100%, compared to 69% in the control. A germplasm collection of seedlings of both species was established for conservation and regeneration experiments. Thidiazuron treatment (10 μM) induced formation of embryo-like structures in seedlings of both B. sagittata and B. deltoidea, with regenerants originating from the crown of seedlings. The present study provides in vitro methods for conservation and mass propagation of Balsamorhiza species.

野火对北美西北太平洋地区的生态系统既具有破坏性的影响，也具有恢复性的影响。Balsamorhiza sagittata的和B. deltoidea（balsamroot）在生态在这一地区的重要种类，B. sagittata的人口正在增加，而B. deltoidea是极其危险之中。这项研究的目的是建立Balsamorhiza spp的发芽和再生的体外协议。进行保护工作。据推测，karrikins是在野火期间从燃烧的植物释放出来的植物生长调节剂，会诱导Balsamorhiza spp中的种子发芽。三个karrikins（KAR_{测试了图1}，图₁和图_2所示的KAR ₂和KAR ₁₁增强这些物种发芽的能力，两个水平（5或10μM）。与对照（水琼脂培养基）中获得14％的发芽相比，KAR ₂对矢状芽孢杆菌种子的发芽具有最强的正效应，分别诱导了47％和60％的发芽。在三角芽孢杆菌中，KAR ₂处理的发芽率分别为73.1％和100％，而对照组为69％。建立了两个物种的幼苗的种质集合，用于保存和再生实验。噻二唑隆处理（10μM）诱导矢状芽孢杆菌的幼苗中胚状结构的形成和B. deltoidea，再生物来自幼苗的树冠。本研究提供了保护和大量繁殖巴尔萨莫尔萨种的体外方法。