The myosin family of molecular motors are well-characterised cytoskeletal proteins. However, myosins are also present in the nucleus, where they have been shown to have roles in transcription, DNA repair and viral infections. Despite their involvement in these fundamental cellular processes, our understanding of these functions and their regulation remains limited. Recently, research on nuclear myosins has been gathering pace, and this Review will evaluate the current state of the field. Here, we will focus on the variation in structure of nuclear myosins, their nuclear import and their roles within transcription, DNA damage, chromatin organisation and viral infections. We will also consider both the biochemical and biophysical properties and restraints that are placed on these multifunctional motors, and how they link to their cytoplasmic counterparts. By highlighting these properties and processes, we show just how integral nuclear myosins are for cellular survival.

中文翻译：

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核肌球蛋白 - 分子转运蛋白和锚的作用。

分子马达的肌球蛋白家族是充分表征的细胞骨架蛋白。然而，肌球蛋白也存在于细胞核中，已被证明在转录、DNA 修复和病毒感染中发挥作用。尽管它们参与了这些基本的细胞过程，但我们对这些功能及其调节的理解仍然有限。最近，对核肌球蛋白的研究一直在加快步伐，本综述将评估该领域的现状。在这里，我们将重点关注核肌球蛋白结构的变化、它们的核输入以及它们在转录、DNA 损伤、染色质组织和病毒感染中的作用。我们还将考虑这些多功能电机的生化和生物物理特性和限制，以及它们如何连接到它们的细胞质对应物。通过强调这些特性和过程，我们展示了完整的核肌球蛋白对细胞存活的作用。