The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-breast cancer activity of the plant I. turpethum together with the comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity of the extracts from different parts of the plant. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the plant revealed the identification of 71 compounds. The cytotoxicity of the extracts from different parts (whole, aerial, and root) of the plant was evaluated against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The findings of these assays were further confirmed by the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assay, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) nuclear staining, and simple microscopy images. The results of the MTT assay revealed that the root extract showed the lowest IC50 values, i.e., 516 μg/mL for MCF-7 and 396 μg/mL for MDA MB-231 cell lines. The LDH release in the medium was high in the root extract treated cells, i.e., 28.87% for MCF-7 and 23.62% for MDA MB-231 cell lines. Moreover, the CFSE proliferation assay also showed the decrease in the proliferation of the cells up to 48.7% and 46.4% in case of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells, respectively. The fragmented and condensed nuclear material in both the cell lines was observed in the DAPI nuclear staining. In conclusion, results showed that the root extract possess the highest cytotoxicity among all other tested extracts toward both breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231).

中文翻译：

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番石榴叶不同部位提取物对乳腺癌细胞系的细胞毒性评价。

本研究的目的是探索植物I. turpethum的抗乳腺癌活性，并比较植物不同部位提取物的细胞毒性。该植物的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析表明，鉴定出71种化合物。通过3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-Yl）评估了植物不同部位（整个，空中和根部）提取物对乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）的细胞毒性。 ）-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑（MTT）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分析。通过羧基荧光素二乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯（CFSE）增殖测定，DAPI（4'，6-diamidino-2-phenylindole）核染色和简单的显微镜图像进一步证实了这些测定的结果。MTT分析的结果表明，根提取物显示出最低的IC50值，即MCF-7为516μg/ mL，MDA MB-231细胞系为396μg/ mL。在根提取物处理的细胞中，LDH在培养基中的释放较高，即MCF-7为28.87％，MDA MB-231细胞系为23.62％。此外，CFSE增殖分析还显示，在MCF-7和MDA MB-231细胞的情况下，细胞的增殖减少分别达到48.7％和46.4％。在DAPI核染色中观察到两个细胞系中的碎片和浓缩的核物质。总之，结果表明，根提取物对所有两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）具有最高的细胞毒性。对于MCF-7，为516μg/ mL，对于MDA MB-231细胞系，为396μg/ mL。在根提取物处理的细胞中，LDH在培养基中的释放较高，即MCF-7为28.87％，MDA MB-231细胞系为23.62％。此外，CFSE增殖分析还显示，在MCF-7和MDA MB-231细胞的情况下，细胞的增殖减少分别达到48.7％和46.4％。在DAPI核染色中观察到两个细胞系中的碎片和浓缩的核物质。总之，结果表明，根提取物对所有两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）具有最高的细胞毒性。对于MCF-7，为516μg/ mL，对于MDA MB-231细胞系，为396μg/ mL。在根提取物处理的细胞中，LDH在培养基中的释放较高，即MCF-7为28.87％，MDA MB-231细胞系为23.62％。此外，CFSE增殖分析还显示，在MCF-7和MDA MB-231细胞的情况下，细胞的增殖减少分别达到48.7％和46.4％。在DAPI核染色中观察到两个细胞系中的碎片和浓缩的核物质。总之，结果表明，根提取物对所有两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）具有最高的细胞毒性。CFSE增殖分析还显示，在MCF-7和MDA MB-231细胞的情况下，细胞的增殖减少分别达到48.7％和46.4％。在DAPI核染色中观察到两个细胞系中的碎片和浓缩的核物质。总之，结果表明，根提取物对所有两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）具有最高的细胞毒性。CFSE增殖分析还显示，在MCF-7和MDA MB-231细胞的情况下，细胞的增殖减少分别达到48.7％和46.4％。在DAPI核染色中观察到两个细胞系中的碎片和浓缩的核物质。总之，结果表明，根提取物对所有两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7和MDA MB-231）具有最高的细胞毒性。