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Endophytic microbes: biodiversity, plant growth-promoting mechanisms and potential applications for agricultural sustainability.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01429-y
Kusam Lata Rana 1 , Divjot Kour 1 , Tanvir Kaur 1 , Rubee Devi 1 , Ajar Nath Yadav 1 , Neelam Yadav 2 , Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal 1 , Anil Kumar Saxena 3
Affiliation  

Endophytic microbes are known to live asymptomatically inside their host throughout different stages of their life cycle and play crucial roles in the growth, development, fitness, and diversification of plants. The plant–endophyte association ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. These microbes help the host to combat a diverse array of biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Endophytic microbes play a major role in the growth promotion of their host by solubilizing of macronutrients such as phosphorous, potassium, and zinc; fixing of atmospheric nitrogen, synthesizing of phytohormones, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and act as a biocontrol agent against wide array of phytopathogens. Endophytic microbes are beneficial to plants by directly promoting their growth or indirectly by inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. Over a long period of co-evolution, endophytic microbes have attained the mechanism of synthesis of various hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase, xylanases, cellulase, and proteinase which help in the penetration of endophytic microbes into tissues of plants. The effective usage of endophytic microbes in the form of bioinoculants reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus–thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most predominant and studied endophytic bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes and then by Actinobacteria. The most dominant among reported genera in most of the leguminous and non-leguminous plants are Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, and Klebsiella. In future, endophytic microbes have a wide range of potential for maintaining health of plant as well as environmental conditions for agricultural sustainability. The present review is focused on endophytic microbes, their diversity in leguminous as well as non-leguminous crops, biotechnological applications, and ability to promote the growth of plant for agro-environmental sustainability.



中文翻译:

内生微生物:生物多样性,促进植物生长的机制以及农业可持续性的潜在应用。

内生微生物在其生命周期的不同阶段无症状地生活在宿主体内,并在植物的生长,发育,适应性和多样化中起关键作用。植物与植物的内生联系从互利共生到致病性。这些微生物可以帮助宿主抵抗各种各样的生物和非生物应激条件。内生微生物通过溶解大量营养素(例如磷,钾和锌),在促进宿主生长中起主要作用;固定大气中的氮,合成植物激素,铁载体,氰化氢,氨水,并作为针对多种植物病原体的生物防治剂。内生微生物通过直接促进植物生长或通过抑制植物病原体的生长而对植物有益。在长期的共同进化中,内生微生物已经达到了各种水解酶(果胶酶,木聚糖酶,纤维素酶和蛋白酶)的合成机制,这些酶有助于将内生微生物渗透到植物组织中。以生物接种剂形式有效利用内生微生物会减少化学肥料的使用。内生微生物属于不同的门,例如放线菌,嗜酸菌,拟杆菌,嗜热球菌-嗜热菌,菌毛,变形杆菌和疣状微生物。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 内生微生物已经达到了各种水解酶(果胶酶,木聚糖酶,纤维素酶和蛋白酶)的合成机制,这些酶有助于将内生微生物渗透到植物组织中。以生物接种剂形式有效利用内生微生物会减少化学肥料的使用。内生微生物属于不同的门,例如放线菌,嗜酸菌,拟杆菌,嗜热球菌-嗜热菌,菌毛,变形杆菌和疣状微生物。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 内生微生物已经达到了各种水解酶(果胶酶,木聚糖酶,纤维素酶和蛋白酶)的合成机制,这些酶有助于将内生微生物渗透到植物组织中。以生物接种剂形式有效利用内生微生物会减少化学肥料的使用。内生微生物属于不同的门,例如放线菌,嗜酸菌,拟杆菌,嗜热球菌-嗜热菌,菌毛,变形杆菌和疣状微生物。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 蛋白酶和蛋白酶有助于内生微生物渗透到植物组织中。以生物接种剂形式有效利用内生微生物会减少化学肥料的使用。内生微生物属于不同的门,例如放线菌,嗜酸菌,拟杆菌,嗜热球菌-嗜热菌,菌毛,变形杆菌和疣状微生物。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 蛋白酶和蛋白酶有助于内生微生物渗透到植物组织中。以生物接种剂形式有效利用内生微生物会减少化学肥料的使用。内生微生物属于不同的门,例如放线菌,嗜酸菌,拟杆菌,嗜热球菌-嗜热菌,菌毛,变形杆菌和疣状微生物。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 Deinococcus-thermus,硬毛菌,Proteobacteria和Verrucomicrobia。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是 Deinococcus-thermus,硬毛菌,Proteobacteria和Verrucomicrobia。研究最多的内生细菌属于变形杆菌,其次是Firmicutes,然后是放线菌。在大多数豆科和非豆科植物中,报告属中最主要的是芽孢杆菌,假单胞菌,镰刀菌,伯克霍尔德菌,根瘤菌克雷伯菌。将来,内生微生物具有维持植物健康以及农业可持续发展的环境条件的广泛潜力。本综述的重点是内生微生物,其在豆科植物和非豆科植物中的多样性,生物技术应用以及促进植物生长以实现农业环境可持续性的能力。

更新日期:2020-07-24
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