G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) couple to diverse heterotrimeric G protein subtypes and then activate downstream signaling pathways in classical GPCR activation. It has also been found that GPCRs transduce signals through different regulatory proteins, such as arrestins. Recently, owing to the breakthroughs in cryo-electron macroscopy (Cryo-EM), numerous structures of GPCR-G protein or GPCR-arrestin complexes have been deciphered. In this review, we summarize most of reported GPCR signaling complex structures, with an emphasis on the structural features of rhodopsin-like GPCR activation and G protein-binding/arrestin-binding modes, to illustrate the activation and signaling mechanism of rhodopsin-like GPCRs.

中文翻译：

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激活的 GPCR 信号复合物的结构特征。

G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 与多种异源三聚体 G 蛋白亚型偶联，然后激活经典 GPCR 激活中的下游信号通路。还发现 GPCR 通过不同的调节蛋白（例如抑制蛋白）转导信号。最近，由于冷冻电子显微镜（Cryo-EM）的突破，许多 GPCR-G 蛋白或 GPCR-抑制蛋白复合物的结构已被破译。在这篇综述中，我们总结了大部分报道的 GPCR 信号复合结构，重点介绍了视紫质样 GPCR 激活和 G 蛋白结合/抑制蛋白结合模式的结构特征，以说明视紫质样 GPCR 的激活和信号传导机制。 .