Background To ascertain interactions of caffeine ingestion, food, medications, and environmental exposures during preterm human gestation, under informed consent, we studied a cohort of Mexican women with further preterm offspring born at ≤ 34 completed weeks. At birth, blood samples were taken from mothers and umbilical cords to determine caffeine and metabolites concentrations and CYP1A2 (rs762551) and CYP2E1 (rs2031920, rs3813867) polymorphisms involved in caffeine metabolism. Results In 90 pregnant women who gave birth to 98 preterm neonates, self-informed caffeine ingestion rate was 97%, laboratory confirmed rate was 93 %. Theobromine was the predominant metabolite found. Consumption of acetaminophen correlated significantly with changes in caffeine metabolism (acetaminophen R 2 = 0.637, p = 0.01) due to activation of CYP2E1 alternate pathways. The main caffeine source was cola soft drinks. Conclusion Environmental exposures, especially acetaminophen ingestion during human preterm pregnancy, can modulate CYP2E1 metabolic activity.

中文翻译：

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一组经证实摄入咖啡因的早产孕妇对 CYP2E1 代谢活性的调节

背景 为了确定早产人类妊娠期间咖啡因摄入、食物、药物和环境暴露之间的相互作用，在知情同意的情况下，我们研究了一组墨西哥妇女，其中有更多早产儿出生于 ≤ 34 周。出生时，从母亲和脐带采集血液样本，以确定咖啡因和代谢物浓度以及参与咖啡因代谢的 CYP1A2 (rs762551) 和 CYP2E1 (rs2031920, rs3813867) 多态性。结果在90名产下98名早产儿的孕妇中，自知咖啡因摄入率为97%，实验室确诊率为93%。可可碱是发现的主要代谢物。对乙酰氨基酚的消耗与咖啡因代谢的变化显着相关（对乙酰氨基酚 R 2 = 0.637，p = 0。01) 由于 CYP2E1 替代途径的激活。主要的咖啡因来源是可乐软饮料。结论 环境暴露，尤其是人类早产期间摄入对乙酰氨基酚，可以调节 CYP2E1 代谢活性。