Natural selection has evidently mediated many species characteristics relevant to the evolution of learning, including longevity, length of the juvenile period, social organization, timing of cognitive and motor development, and age-related shifts in behavioural propensities such as activity level, flexibility in problem-solving and motivation to seek new information. Longitudinal studies of wild populations can document such changes in behavioural propensities, providing critical information about the contexts in which learning strategies develop, in environments similar to those in which learning strategies evolved. The Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project provides developmental data for the white-faced capuchin, Cebus capucinus , a species that has converged with humans regarding many life-history and behavioural characteristics. In this dataset, focused primarily on learned aspects of foraging behaviour, younger capuchins are more active overall, more curious and opportunistic, and more prone to inventing new investigative and foraging-related behaviours. Younger individuals more often seek social information by watching other foragers (especially older foragers). Younger individuals are more creative, playful and inventive, and less neophobic, exhibiting a wider range of behaviours when engaged in extractive foraging. Whereas adults more often stick with old solutions, younger individuals often incorporate recently acquired experience (both social and asocial) when foraging. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals'.

中文翻译：

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野生白脸卷尾猴整个生命周期的行为变化和学习

自然选择显然调节了许多与学习进化相关的物种特征，包括寿命、幼年期的长度、社会组织、认知和运动发展的时间安排，以及与年龄相关的行为倾向的变化，例如活动水平、问题的灵活性-解决问题并寻求新信息的动力。对野生种群的纵向研究可以记录行为倾向的这种变化，提供有关学习策略发展背景的关键信息，在与学习策略发展的环境类似的环境中。洛马斯巴布达猴项目提供白脸卷尾猴的发育数据，宿雾，一个在许多生活史和行为特征上与人类趋同的物种。在这个数据集中，主要关注觅食行为的学习方面，年轻的卷尾猴总体上更加活跃，更加好奇和机会主义，并且更容易发明新的调查和觅食相关行为。年轻的个体更经常通过观察其他觅食者（尤其是年长的觅食者）来寻求社交信息。年轻个体更具创造力、顽皮性和创造性，并且较少恐惧新事物，在进行采掘性觅食时表现出更广泛的行为。成年人更倾向于坚持旧的解决方案，而年轻人在觅食时通常会结合最近获得的经验（社交和非社交）。本文是主题“生命史与学习：童年、看护和老年如何塑造人类和其他动物的认知和文化”的一部分。