How to effectively remove excess Sb(III) in the water environment by biosorption is receiving close attention in the international scientific community. To obtain the maximum biosorption efficiency, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize a total of 13 factors for biosorption of Sb(III) onto living Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DJHN070401. The mechanism of biosorption and bioaccumulation was also studied. The results showed that biosorption reached 56.83% under the optimum conditions. Besides, pH, Fe2+, and temperature are significant influencing factors, and control of Ca2+ and Fe2+ has a beneficial impact on Sb(III) biosorption. The characterization explained that physical adsorption occurred readily on the loose and porous surface of DJHN070401 where carboxyl, amidogen, phosphate group, and polysaccharide C-O functional groups facilitated absorption by complexation with Sb(III), accompanied by ion exchange of Na+, Ca2+ ions with Sb(III). It was also noted that the living cell not only improved the removal efficiency in the presence of metabolic inhibitors but also prevented intracellular Sb(III) being re-released into the environment. The results of this study underpin improved and efficient methodology for biosorption of Sb(III) from wastewater.

中文翻译：

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Sb(III) 对活的粘液红酵母菌株 DJHN070401 的增强生物吸附：优化和机制

如何通过生物吸附有效去除水环境中过量的Sb(III)，正受到国际科学界的密切关注。为了获得最大的生物吸附效率，采用响应面方法 (RSM) 来优化总共 13 个因素，用于将 Sb(III) 生物吸附到活的粘液红酵母 DJHN070401 上。还研究了生物吸附和生物积累的机制。结果表明，在最佳条件下生物吸附达到56.83%。此外，pH、Fe2+ 和温度是重要的影响因素，控制 Ca2+ 和 Fe2+ 对 Sb(III) 的生物吸附有有益影响。表征解释了在 DJHN070401 的松散多孔表面上容易发生物理吸附，其中羧基、氨基、磷酸基、和多糖 CO 官能团通过与 Sb(III) 络合促进吸收，伴随 Na+、Ca2+ 离子与 Sb(III) 的离子交换。还注意到，活细胞不仅在代谢抑制剂存在的情况下提高了去除效率，而且还防止细胞内 Sb(III) 重新释放到环境中。这项研究的结果支持了从废水中生物吸附 Sb(III) 的改进和有效的方法。