ABSTRACT

A large measles epidemic has been ongoing in Romania and many European countries, since 2016. We report case-based surveillance data for all patients (n = 1371) with laboratory-confirmed and epidemiologically-confirmed measles hospitalized in a major infectious diseases hospital in Bucharest Romania during the first three years of the current measles epidemic (July 2016–July 2019).

More than half of the patients (57.6%) had ages below 5 years; 6% (n = 82) had preexisting comorbidities. Only 1.5% of the patients had been fully vaccinated, 5.9% had received only one vaccine dose, while 92.8% had not been vaccinated at all against measles. The rate of measles-related complications was 93.4%; complications occurred more frequently among patients who were not eligible for vaccination due to young age or underlying diseases, and among children, who developed pneumonia and enterocolitis more frequently than adults. The median hospital length-of-stay was 6 days. Eight cases (0.6%) required intensive care and mechanical ventilation, and three deaths (0.2%) were recorded.

Measles disproportionately affects patient groups who are not eligible for vaccination. During the current epidemic in Romania, 98.5% of the patients hospitalized for measles had not been vaccinated and among these, 75.7% would have been eligible for vaccination. For the remaining pool of unvaccinated children, supplementary immunization activities are urgently needed.

摘要

自2016年以来，罗马尼亚和许多欧洲国家一直在发生大规模的麻疹流行病。我们报告了在布加勒斯特一家主要传染病医院住院的所有实验室确诊和流行病学确诊的麻疹患者（n = 1371）的病例监测数据罗马尼亚在当前麻疹流行的前三年（2016年7月至2019年7月）。

超过一半的患者（57.6％）年龄在5岁以下；6％（n = 82）患有合并症。只有1.5％的患者已完全接种疫苗，5.9％的患者仅接受了一次疫苗接种，而92.8％的患者完全没有接种过麻疹疫苗。麻疹相关并发症的发生率为93.4％；在因年青或潜在疾病而无资格接种疫苗的患者中，以及在成年人中发生肺炎和小肠结肠炎的儿童中，并发症的发生率更高。医院的平均住院时间为6天。8例（0.6％）需要重症监护和机械通气，并记录了3例死亡（0.2％）。

麻疹不成比例地影响了没有资格接种疫苗的患者群体。在罗马尼亚当前的流行病中，98.5％的麻疹住院患者尚未接种疫苗，其中75.7％的人已经接种了疫苗。对于其余未接种疫苗的儿童，迫切需要补充免疫活动。