The emergence of ionotronic materials has substantially extended the applications of artificial skins by allowing intimate interfaces between electronics and biological/bionic surfaces toward achieving improved sensing and communication with surrounding stimuli. However, ionotronic skins are intrinsically temperature dependent, since water molecules play crucial roles in regulating both mechanical and ionic conductivity of the materials. Hence, most of the ionotronic skins will fail at temperatures below 0 °C. In this study, a highly sensitive ionotronic skin that can be used in the entire natural environmental temperature range (−30–80 °C) is developed by using silk fibroin and Ca(II) ions as starting materials. In such a system, silk fibroin serves as both structural supports and ion capture agent to provide structural stability, mechanical flexibility, and interfacial adhesion ability, while Ca(II) ions work as ionic conductor, hygroscopic agent, and deicing salt to offer highly stable ionic conductivity at a temperature range from −30 to 80 °C. These synergetic merits, together with favorable advances of silk fibroin ionotronic skins in biocompatibility, transparency, and self‐healing, allow them to be used in multiple emerging fields, such as regenerative medicine, implantable electronics, and human–machine interface.

中文翻译：

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用于温度感应的智能丝素蛋白离子电子皮肤

离子电子材料的出现通过允许电子器件与生物/仿生表面之间的亲密界面朝着实现改善的感测和与周围刺激的交流的方向，大大扩展了人造皮肤的应用。但是，电离蒙皮本质上是温度依赖性的，因为水分子在调节材料的机械和离子电导率方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，大多数电离层在温度低于0°C时会失效。在这项研究中，以丝素蛋白和Ca（II）离子为起始原料，开发了一种可在整个自然环境温度范围（−30–80°C）中使用的高度电离的皮肤。在这种系统中，丝素蛋白既可以用作结构支撑剂，又可以用作离子捕获剂，以提供结构稳定性，机械柔韧性和界面粘附能力，而Ca（II）离子充当离子导体，吸湿剂和除冰盐，可在-30至80°C的温度范围内提供高度稳定的离子电导率。这些协同的优点，以及丝素蛋白电离皮肤在生物相容性，透明性和自愈性方面的有利进展，使它们可以在多个新兴领域中使用，例如再生医学，植入式电子产品和人机界面。