Background

Ocular paroxysmal events can accompany a variety of neurological disorders. Particularly in infants, ocular paroxysmal events often represent a diagnostic challenge. Distinguishing between epileptic and nonepileptic events or between physiological and pathologic paroxysmal events can be challenging at this age because the clinical evaluation and physical examination are often limited. Continuous polygraphic video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring can be helpful in these situations.

Methods

We review ocular paroxysmal events in newborns and infants. The aim is to improve clinical recognition of ocular paroxysmal events and provide a guide to further management. Using the PubMed database, we identified studies focused on all ocular motor paroxysmal events in neonates and infants.

Results

Fifty-eight articles were selected on the topic. We summarized and divided these studies into those describing nonepileptic and epileptic ocular paroxysmal events.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of ocular paroxysmal events can be difficult, but their recognition is important because of the variety of underlying etiologies. The distinction between epileptic versus nonepileptic ocular paroxysmal events often often requires polygraphic video-EEG to identify the epileptic events. For nonepileptic events, further testing can characterize pathologic ocular movements. To determine the etiology and prognosis of ocular paroxysmal events, a multimodal approach is required, including a thorough full history and clinical examination, polygraphic video-EEG monitoring, neuroimaging, and a careful follow-up plan.

中文翻译：

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新生儿和婴儿的眼部运动阵发性事件：文献回顾

背景

眼部阵发性事件可伴随多种神经系统疾病。特别是在婴儿中，眼部阵发性事件通常代表诊断挑战。在这个年龄段，区分癫痫和非癫痫事件或生理性和病理性阵发性事件可能具有挑战性，因为临床评估和体格检查通常是有限的。在这些情况下，连续多图视频脑电图 (EEG) 监测可能会有所帮助。

方法

我们回顾了新生儿和婴儿的眼部阵发性事件。目的是提高对眼部阵发性事件的临床识别，并为进一步的管理提供指导。使用 PubMed 数据库，我们确定了专​​注于新生儿和婴儿的所有眼球运动阵发性事件的研究。

结果

选择了关于该主题的 58 篇文章。我们总结并将这些研究分为描述非癫痫性和癫痫性眼部阵发性事件的研究。

结论

眼部阵发性事件的诊断可能很困难，但由于潜在病因多种多样，因此识别它们很重要。癫痫与非癫痫眼部阵发性事件之间的区别通常需要多图视频脑电图来识别癫痫事件。对于非癫痫事件，进一步的测试可以表征病理性眼球运动。为了确定眼部阵发性事件的病因和预后，需要采用多模式方法，包括全面的病史和临​​床检查、多图视频脑电图监测、神经影像学和仔细的随访计划。