Abstract This review article deals with bank erosion from the perspective of rivers affected by seasonal ice formation. These rivers drain half of the terrestrial land surface globally, and are mainly located in both periglacial and cold, non-periglacial environments across the Northern Hemisphere. This review is based on a literature survey of 124 publications (articles, technical reports, conference papers and book chapters) documenting case studies in temperate and polar climates. The first section details the global issues of bank erosion and pinpoints concerns specific to northern environments. The second section describes the dominant erosion processes (fluvial vs. terrestrial), mechanisms (mechanical vs. thermal) and typical landforms encountered in the literature. The third section reviews the environmental factors (hydraulic vs. non-hydraulic) controlling bank erosion, with a focus on the different forms of river ice. The fourth section deals with the spatial and temporal variability in bank-erosion processes, discussing the distribution of process dominance occurring at the reach scale and the catchment scale, and describing the temporal window in which each process dominates. The fifth section reviews the expected impacts on bank erosion resulting from climate-induced disturbances on hydrological cycles and from increasing anthropogenic pressures along riverbanks in northern countries. The relationships among erosion processes, environmental factors, climate change, and human impacts are summarized in a sixth section that introduces a new synthetic conceptual diagram of bank erosion. Research needs that should be investigated in the future are highlighted in the seventh section while the final section synthesizes all the aspects presented in this review.

中文翻译：

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寒冷环境下的河岸侵蚀：回顾与展望

摘要 这篇综述文章从受季节性冰形成影响的河流的角度讨论了河岸侵蚀。这些河流排放了全球一半的陆地表面，主要位于北半球的冰缘环境和寒冷的非冰缘环境中。本综述基于对 124 篇记录温带和极地气候案例研究的出版物（文章、技术报告、会议论文和书籍章节）的文献调查。第一部分详细介绍了银行侵蚀的全球问题，并指出了北方环境特有的问题。第二部分描述了文献中遇到的主要侵蚀过程（河流与陆地）、机制（机械与热）和典型地貌。第三部分回顾了环境因素（液压与液压）。非液压）控制河岸侵蚀，重点是不同形式的河冰。第四部分处理河岸侵蚀过程中的空间和时间变化，讨论发生在河段尺度和流域尺度的过程优势分布，并描述每个过程占优势的时间窗口。第五部分回顾了气候引起的水文循环干扰和北方国家沿河岸增加的人为压力对河岸侵蚀造成的预期影响。侵蚀过程、环境因素、气候变化和人类影响之间的关系在第六部分进行了总结，该部分介绍了一种新的河岸侵蚀综合概念图。