The utilization of heterosis has resulted in significant breakthroughs in rice breeding. However, the development of hybrid japonica has been slow in comparison with that of hybrid indica. The present review explores the history and current status of hybrid japonica breeding. With the creation of japonica cytoplasmic male sterility and photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, both three-line and two-line systems of hybrid rice have been created, and a series of hybrid japonica rice varieties have been developed and cultivated widely. At the same time, some progress has been made in genetic research of molecular mechanism for heterosis and QTL mapping for traits such as fertility, stigma exposure and flower time. In addition, genomics and transcriptome have been widely used in the research of hybrid rice, which provides a strong support for its development. Although the research on hybrid japonica has made many advances, there are still some restrictive problems. Based on the research and production of hybrid japonica rice, the prospect and development strategies of hybrid japonica rice are analyzed.

中文翻译：

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杂交粳稻的研究与开发策略。

杂种优势的利用已在水稻育种方面取得重大突破。然而，混合动力的发展粳稻与混合动力的比较一直缓慢籼稻。本文综述了杂交粳稻育种的历史和现状。随着粳稻细胞质雄性不育的建立和对光热敏感的雄性不育系的建立，杂交水稻的三系和两系系统已经建立，一系列杂交粳稻水稻品种已被广泛开发和栽培。同时，在育性，柱头暴露和开花时间等性状杂种优势和QTL作图的分子机制的遗传学研究方面取得了一些进展。此外，基因组学和转录组学已广泛用于杂交水稻的研究，为其发展提供了有力的支持。尽管杂交粳稻的研究取得了许多进展，但仍然存在一些局限性的问题。基于研究和生产的混合动力对粳水稻，杂交的前景和发展战略粳大米进行了分析。