The extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) are generated by electrical devices and power systems (1 to 300 Hz). In recent decades, exposure to ELF-EMF has emerged potential concerns on public health. Here, we discuss recent progress in the understanding of ELF-EMF biology with a focus on mechanisms of ELF-EMF-mediated disease and summarize the results of more recent experimental and epidemiological studies of ELF-EMF exposure effects on cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive disorders. Current views on genomic instability effects, as well as scientific evidence about ELF-EMF therapy, are put forth. According to our literature review, exposure to ELF-EMF has an adverse biological effect depending on the current intensity, strength of the magnetic field, and duration of exposure. Accumulated epidemiologic evidence indicates a correlation between exposure to ELF-EMF and childhood cancer incidence, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and miscarriage. However, adult cancer does not show augmented risk caused by the ELF-EMF. Also, no consistent evidence exists in cardiovascular disease mortality due to ELF-EMF exposure. There is a lack of comprehensive mechanisms for explaining the biological effect of ELF-EMF. Eventually, more studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these magnetic fields.

极低频磁场（ELF-EMF）由电气设备和电力系统（1至300 Hz）产生。在最近几十年中，接触ELF-EMF引起了人们对公共卫生的潜在关注。在这里，我们以ELF-EMF介导的疾病机理为重点，讨论了对ELF-EMF生物学认识的最新进展，并总结了ELF-EMF暴露对癌症，神经系统，心血管疾病，和生殖疾病。提出了有关基因组不稳定效应的最新观点，以及有关ELF-EMF治疗的科学证据。根据我们的文献综述，暴露于ELF-EMF具有不利的生物学效应，具体取决于电流强度，磁场强度和暴露持续时间。流行病学证据的积累表明，暴露于ELF-EMF与儿童癌症发病率，阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）和流产之间存在相关性。但是，成人癌症并未显示出由ELF-EMF引起的风险增加。同样，由于暴露于ELF-EMF，在心血管疾病死亡率方面也没有一致的证据。缺乏全面的机制来解释ELF-EMF的生物学效应。最终，需要更多的研究来阐明这些磁场的机理。缺乏全面的机制来解释ELF-EMF的生物学效应。最终，需要更多的研究来阐明这些磁场的机理。缺乏全面的机制来解释ELF-EMF的生物学效应。最终，需要更多的研究来阐明这些磁场的机理。