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Evolutionary Patterns of Mandible Shape Diversification of Caviomorph Rodents
Journal of Mammalian Evolution ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09511-y
Alicia Álvarez , Marcos D. Ercoli , A. Itatí Olivares , Nahuel A. De Santi , Diego H. Verzi

Caviomorphs are a mainly South American rodent clade with high taxonomic and ecomorphological diversity. In this study, we combine geometric morphometric, functional, ancestral reconstruction, and macroevolutionary analyses to quantify the magnitude, direction, and rates of shape diversification of the caviomorph mandible, and to explore the morpho-functional implications and potential ecological catalysts of the observed shape changes. The mandible shape was significantly related to habits and size, and had a better fit with an evolutionary model where the main clades occupy distinct adaptive peaks. The morphological evolution of octodontoids is characterized by pulses of rate acceleration, but without reaching high disparity. Such pulses are mainly linked to the acquisition of fossorial specializations, including short and robust mandibles, and the increasement of forces at incisors. Conversely, derived cavioids show slower but continuous shape changes that allowed them to reach the most divergent, grazing morphologies in which slender mandibles with more marked antero-posterior movements for grinding action are favored. Interestingly, the major morphological changes occurred mainly during the early Oligocene and lower late Miocene, two time periods that involved global climatic events and strong changes in the vegetational structure of South America. The evolution of octodontoid and cavioid mandibles seems to be related to the occupation of subterranean and epigean niches, respectively, in the progressively expanded Cenozoic open landscapes of southern South America.

中文翻译:

Caviomorph啮齿动物下颌骨形状多样化的进化模式

Caviomorphs 主要是南美啮齿动物进化枝,具有高度的分类和生态形态多样性。在这项研究中,我们结合几何形态测量、功能、祖先重建和宏观进化分析来量化下颌骨形状多样化的幅度、方向和速率,并探索观察到的形状的形态功能影响和潜在的生态催化剂。变化。下颌骨形状与习性和大小显着相关,并且与主要进化枝占据不同适应峰的进化模型更吻合。八齿龙的形态演化以速率加速脉冲为特征,但没有达到高度差异。这种脉冲主要与获得化石专业化有关,包括短而坚固的下颌骨,和门牙处的力的增加。相反,衍生的腔隙显示出较慢但连续的形状变化,使它们能够达到最分散的掠食形态,其中具有更明显的前后运动的细长下颌骨更受青睐。有趣的是,主要的形态变化主要发生在渐新世早期和中新世晚期,这两个时期涉及全球气候事件和南美洲植被结构的强烈变化。在南美洲南部逐渐扩大的新生代开放景观中,八齿形和鱼形下颌骨的进化似乎分别与地下和表层壁龛的占领有关。衍生的腔突显示出较慢但连续的形状变化,使它们能够达到最分散的掠食形态,其中具有更明显的前后运动的细长下颌骨更受青睐。有趣的是,主要的形态变化主要发生在渐新世早期和中新世晚期,这两个时期涉及全球气候事件和南美洲植被结构的强烈变化。在南美洲南部逐渐扩大的新生代开放景观中,八齿形和鱼形下颌骨的进化似乎分别与地下和表层壁龛的占领有关。衍生的腔突显示出较慢但连续的形状变化,使它们能够达到最分散的掠食形态,其中具有更明显的前后运动的细长下颌骨更受青睐。有趣的是,主要的形态变化主要发生在渐新世早期和中新世晚期,这两个时期涉及全球气候事件和南美洲植被结构的强烈变化。在南美洲南部逐渐扩大的新生代开放景观中,八齿形和鱼形下颌骨的进化似乎分别与地下和表层壁龛的占领有关。有趣的是,主要的形态变化主要发生在渐新世早期和中新世晚期,这两个时期涉及全球气候事件和南美洲植被结构的强烈变化。在南美洲南部逐渐扩大的新生代开放景观中,八齿形和鱼形下颌骨的进化似乎分别与地下和表层壁龛的占领有关。有趣的是,主要的形态变化主要发生在渐新世早期和中新世晚期,这两个时期涉及全球气候事件和南美洲植被结构的强烈变化。在南美洲南部逐渐扩大的新生代开放景观中,八齿形和鱼形下颌骨的进化似乎分别与地下和表层壁龛的占领有关。
更新日期:2020-06-08
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