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Seawater-dominated, tectonically controlled and volcanic related geothermal systems: the case of the geothermal area in the northwest of the island of Euboea (Evia), Greece
International Journal of Earth Sciences ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s00531-020-01889-7
Christos Kanellopoulos , Markos Xenakis , Panagiotis Vakalopoulos , Haralambos Kranis , Maria Christopoulou , George Vougioukalakis

The northwest of the island of Euboea is located in a back-arc geological position, at the western extremity of the North Anatolian Fault. In that area, several hot springs occur in three locations (Ilia, Gialtra, Aedipsos; including newly found offshore-springs) with temperatures up to 84 °C, depositing ore-grade thermogenic travertine. The geothermal system is seawater-dominated and under pressure, using the local fault systems and is related to the Plio-Pleistocene Lichades volcanic centre. The whole area could be characterized as the lateral tips of a major fault segment, with the presence of complex networks of additional fault systems leading to fault intersections. That conclusion is also supported by the travitonic data. The geothermal fluids are near neutral pH, sodium-chloride and their chemistry is controlled by: (i) high seawater participation, (ii) a deep magmatic source and (iii) chemical composition of the bedrocks. Based on all the available data, including drilling and temperature logging data, the bedrock hosting the upflow circulation of the geothermal fluid is not in hydraulic connection with cold aquifers or permeable geological formations of the area. The local metamorphic rock formations are impermeable and work as a geothermal cap. Also, Aedipsos’ vast deposit of thermogenic travertine probably acts as a second geothermal cap formation. However, at the same time, it presents serious thermal anomalies, since major geothermal fluid circulation has been identified inside its fractures. According to chemical geothermometers, the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is 140–164 °C. The typical geothermal gradients in the area are from 7.8 °C/100 m to 18.7 °C/100 m. In one case, an anomalous high geothermal gradient (53.9 °C/100 m) was found, most probably due to spatial shape diversity of the geothermal reservoir, a suggestion also supported by the estimated circulation depth of the geothermal fluid, which varies from area to area (~ 300–1800 m) and the fluid residence time (by 226Ra–222Rn method), which is around 80–100 years.



中文翻译:

海水为主,构造控制和火山相关的地热系统:以希腊Euboea(Evia)岛西北部的地热区为例

Euboea岛的西北部位于北安纳托利亚断层的西端,地处弧后地质位置。在该地区,三个地点(伊利亚(Ilia),贾尔特拉(Gialtra),阿迪普索斯(Aedipsos);包括新近发现的离岸温泉)中出现了数个温泉,温度高达84°C,沉积了矿石级的生石灰华。利用当地的断层系统,地热系统以海水为主导,并处于压力之下,并且与上新世-里新世的里查德斯火山中心有关。整个区域可被描述为主要断层段的侧向尖端,并存在导致断层交叉的附加断层系统的复杂网络。该结论也得到了玻璃体数据的支持。地热流体的pH接近中性,氯化钠,其化学性质受以下因素控制:(i)大量海水参与;(ii)岩浆深处;(iii)基岩的化学成分。根据包括钻井和温度测井数据在内的所有可用数据,承载地热流体上流环流的基岩与该地区的冷蓄水层或该地区的可渗透地质构造没有水力联系。局部变质岩层是不可渗透的,可作为地热帽。同样,Aedipsos大量的生石灰华沉积物可能是第二次地热盖层的形成。但是,与此同时,由于裂缝中发现了主要的地热流体循环,因此它表现出严重的热异常。根据化学地热仪,地热库的温度为140–164°C。该地区的典型地热梯度为7。8°C / 100 m至18.7°C / 100 m。在一种情况下,发现了一个异常高的地热梯度(53.9°C / 100 m),这很可能是由于地热储层的空间形状多样性所致,这一建议也得到了地热流体的估计循环深度的支持,该深度随面积而变化。到区域(〜300–1800 m)和流体停留时间(通过226 Ra– 222 Rn方法),大约80–100年。

更新日期:2020-06-08
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