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Chemoprevention in familial adenomatous polyposis: past, present and future.
Familial Cancer ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s10689-020-00189-y
Phillip M Kemp Bohan 1 , Gautam Mankaney 2 , Timothy J Vreeland 1 , Robert C Chick 1 , Diane F Hale 1 , Jessica L Cindass 1 , Annelies T Hickerson 1 , Daniel C Ensley 3 , Vance Sohn 4 , G Travis Clifton 1 , George E Peoples 5 , Carol A Burke 2
Affiliation  

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome characterized by colorectal adenomas and a near 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prophylactic colectomy, usually by age 40, is the gold-standard therapy to mitigate this risk. However, colectomy is associated with morbidity and fails to prevent extra-colonic disease manifestations, including gastric polyposis, duodenal polyposis and cancer, thyroid cancer, and desmoid disease. Substantial research has investigated chemoprevention medications in an aim to prevent disease progression, postponing the need for colectomy and temporizing the development of extracolonic disease. An ideal chemoprevention agent should have a biologically plausible mechanism of action, be safe and easily tolerated over a prolonged treatment period, and produce a durable and clinically meaningful effect. To date, no chemoprevention agent tested has fulfilled these criteria. New agents targeting novel pathways in FAP are needed. Substantial preclinical literature exists linking the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway to FAP. A single case report of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, used as chemoprevention in FAP patients exists, but no formal clinical studies have been conducted. Here, we review the prior literature on chemoprevention in FAP, discuss the rationale for rapamycin in FAP, and outline a proposed clinical trial testing rapamycin as a chemoprevention agent in patients with FAP.



中文翻译:

家族性腺瘤性息肉病的化学预防:过去、现在和未来。

家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP) 是一种以结直肠腺瘤为特征的遗传性结直肠癌综合征,其一生中患结直肠癌 (CRC) 的风险接近 100%。预防性结肠切除术,通常在 40 岁之前,是减轻这种风险的金标准疗法。然而,结肠切除术与发病率相关并且不能预防结肠外疾病表现,包括胃息肉病、十二指肠息肉病和癌症、甲状腺癌和硬纤维瘤。大量研究已经调查了化学预防药物,旨在预防疾病进展,推迟结肠切除术的需要并延缓结肠外疾病的发展。理想的化学预防剂应具有生物学上合理的作用机制,在延长的治疗期内安全且易于耐受,并产生持久且具有临床意义的效果。迄今为止,没有经过测试的化学预防剂符合这些标准。需要针对 FAP 中新途径的新药物。大量临床前文献将雷帕霉素 (mTOR) 通路的分子靶点与 FAP 联系起来。有一个关于雷帕霉素(一种 mTOR 抑制剂)在 FAP 患者中用作化学预防的病例报告,但尚未进行正式的临床研究。在这里,我们回顾了关于 FAP 化学预防的先前文献,讨论了雷帕霉素在 FAP 中的基本原理,并概述了一项拟议的临床试验,测试雷帕霉素作为 FAP 患者的化学预防剂。大量临床前文献将雷帕霉素 (mTOR) 通路的分子靶点与 FAP 联系起来。有一个关于雷帕霉素(一种 mTOR 抑制剂)在 FAP 患者中用作化学预防的病例报告,但尚未进行正式的临床研究。在这里,我们回顾了关于 FAP 化学预防的先前文献,讨论了雷帕霉素在 FAP 中的基本原理,并概述了一项拟议的临床试验,测试雷帕霉素作为 FAP 患者的化学预防剂。大量临床前文献将雷帕霉素 (mTOR) 通路的分子靶点与 FAP 联系起来。有一个关于雷帕霉素(一种 mTOR 抑制剂)在 FAP 患者中用作化学预防的病例报告,但尚未进行正式的临床研究。在这里,我们回顾了关于 FAP 化学预防的先前文献,讨论了雷帕霉素在 FAP 中的基本原理,并概述了一项拟议的临床试验,测试雷帕霉素作为 FAP 患者的化学预防剂。

更新日期:2020-06-08
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