A functional ecological understanding of urban wild bee communities is of growing importance especially in regard to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service maintenance and effective conservation programmes. In this paper, we review and summarize the published literature aiming to inform future research investigations in the growing field of wild bee functional ecology. Specifically, we: (1) review which functional trait-based analyses have been carried out on wild bees in cities thus far; (2) summarize which wild bee species traits have been considered; (3) evaluate any consistent wild bee trait–environment relationships (i.e. urbanization) across studies; and (4) synthesize findings and limitations to inform future research recommendations. We reviewed 48 studies based on a systematic Web of Knowledge search. We found consistent trait characteristics for ‘nesting type’, ‘diet’, ‘body size’, ‘sociality’ and ‘phenology’ across studies. More than one third of the studies were descriptive and the majority of studies were located in urban gardens in temperate Europe and North America, calling for more research from underrepresented geographic regions and from the entire spectrum of urban habitat types. Of these studies, only five analyzed functional diversity indices and three studies applied statistics to relate urban wild bee traits to urbanization factors. Future studies should consider trait-based statistics, and could incorporate functional trait-based ecological networks to examine network shifts across urbanization gradients. Our review suggests that we lack generalizable information about wild bee trait and urbanization relationships yet, making conservation recommendations challenging. Therefore, we propose more research that considers methodological recommendations to develop a comparable and comprehensive understanding of how urbanization affects the functional ecology of urban wild bees to link with specific urban conservation measures.

对城市野蜂社区的功能性生态理解越来越重要，尤其是在生物多样性保护，生态系统服务维持和有效的保护计划方面。在本文中，我们回顾并总结了已发表的文献，旨在为野生蜂功能生态学的增长领域提供参考。具体来说，我们：（1）回顾到目前为止，已经对城市野生蜂进行了哪些基于功能性状的分析；（2）总结考虑了哪些野生蜂种性状；（3）在研究之间评估任何一致的野生蜂性状与环境的关系（即城市化）；（4）综合发现和局限性，为将来的研究建议提供依据。我们基于系统的知识网络搜索对48项研究进行了回顾。我们在研究中发现“嵌套类型”，“饮食”，“体型”，“社会性”和“物候”具有一致的特征。三分之一以上的研究是描述性的，大多数研究位于欧洲和北美温带的城市花园中，要求从代表性不足的地理区域以及整个城市栖息地类型的范围进行更多研究。在这些研究中，只有五项分析了功能多样性指数，三项研究使用统计数据将城市野生蜂的性状与城市化因素联系起来。未来的研究应考虑基于特征的统计数据，并可以将基于功能性特征的生态网络纳入研究范围，以研究跨城市化梯度的网络变化。我们的评论表明，我们缺乏有关野生蜂性状和城市化关系的可概括性信息，使保护建议具有挑战性。因此，我们提出了更多研究方法论的建议，以就城市化如何影响城市野蜂的功能生态学与特定的城市保护措施建立联系，进行可比性和全面的理解。