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Numerical Simulation and Validation of Aerosol Particle Removal by Water Spray Droplets With OpenFOAM During the Fukushima Daiichi Fuel Debris Retrieval
Frontiers in Energy Research ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 , DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.00102
Hui Liang , Nejdet Erkan , Virginie Solans , Shunichi Suzuki

In the decommissioning of damaged Fukushima Daiichi reactors, the melted and re-solidified fuel debris in the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel and primary containment vessel need to be cut into small pieces before removing them from reactor buildings. During the cutting operations, submicron radioactive aerosol particles are expected to be generated and dispersed into the atmosphere of the primary containment vessel. Those suspended particles must be removed from the air atmosphere inside the containment before escaping to the environment. The water spray system in the upper part of the primary containment vessel is an effective and applicable method to remove airborne radioactive aerosol particles. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of aerosol scavenging by spray droplets is complicated but necessary to investigate the aerosol removal process inside the vessel. In this paper, a numerical model was developed and implemented into an open-source computational fluid dynamic code OpenFOAM to simulate the aerosol removal by water spray droplets with considering the collection mechanisms of inertial impaction, interception, and Brownian diffusion. In this model, the dispersed spray droplets were described using the Lagrangian particle tracking method, the continuous particle-laden gas was described using the Eulerian method, and a two-way interaction between dispersed and continuous phases was considered. The polydisperse aerosol particles at different diameters from 0.2 to 1 μm were treated as different gas species of the continuous phase. Continuity equations of each gas specie were solved using a passive scalar transport equation. The numerical model was validated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data obtained from UTARTS facility. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. The simulation results provided more insights to better understand the aerosol removal process, including the time evolution of aerosol mass fraction and flow field of the gas phase.



中文翻译:

福岛第一核燃料碎片回收过程中用OpenFOAM的水滴喷雾去除气溶胶颗粒的数值模拟和验证

在对受损的福岛第一核反应堆进行退役时,需要将反应堆压力容器和主安全壳底部的熔化并重新固化的燃料碎片切成小块,然后再从反应堆建筑物中取出。在切割过程中,预计会产生亚微米级的放射性气溶胶颗粒,并散布到主安全壳的大气中。必须将这些悬浮颗粒从安全壳内的空气中清除,然后才能逃逸到环境中。主安全壳上部的喷水系统是一种有效且适用的去除空气中放射性气溶胶颗粒的方法。喷雾清除气溶胶的计算流体动力学模拟非常复杂,但对于研究容器内部的气溶胶去除过程而言是必要的。在本文中,开发了一个数值模型并将其应用到开源计算流体动力学代码OpenFOAM中,以考虑惯性碰撞,拦截和布朗扩散的收集机制来模拟水雾对气溶胶的去除。在该模型中,使用拉格朗日粒子跟踪方法描述了分散的喷雾液滴,使用欧拉方法描述了连续颗粒负载的气体,并考虑了分散相和连续相之间的双向相互作用。将直径从0.2到1μm的多分散气溶胶颗粒视为连续相的不同气体种类。使用无源标量传输方程求解每种气体物种的连续性方程。通过将仿真结果与从UTARTS设施获得的实验数据进行比较,对数值模型进行了验证。仿真结果与实验结果吻合良好。模拟结果提供了更多的见解,可以更好地理解气溶胶去除过程,包括气溶胶质量分数的时间演变和气相流场。

更新日期:2020-05-07
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