The middle Miocene Badenian evaporite basin of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin was a saline lake, separated by a barrier from the sea and supplied with seawater seeping through the barrier or overflowing it occasionally in the form of short-lived marine transgressions. Such transgressions could leave behind marine microfossils in marly clay intercalations. One of them (2.3 m thick) occurs in the uppermost part of the sulphate sequence, in the unit ‘o’, in the Babczyn 2 borehole section. It contains marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts) and foraminiferal assemblages indicating a marine environment. The low-diversity benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by opportunistic, shallow infaunally living species, preferring muddy or clayey substrate for thriving, brackish to normal marine salinity, and inner shelf environment. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, although taxonomically impoverished, consist of marine species; euryhaline forms that tolerate increased salinity are missing. Relatively common microfossils found in clay intercalations within gypsum have important palaeogeographical implications: they strongly suggest that there existed an additional inflow channel supplying the Polish Carpathian Basin from the south during the evaporite deposition and afterwards.

中文翻译：

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海侵到蒸发岩盆地：波兰东南部帕特提斯中部的中中新世（巴登阶）石膏案例

喀尔巴阡前深盆地中中新世巴登阶蒸发岩盆地是一个咸水湖，与海洋被屏障隔开，并以短暂的海侵形式偶尔从屏障渗出或溢出的海水供应。这种海侵可能会在泥灰质粘土夹层中留下海洋微化石。其中一个（2.3 m 厚）出现在硫酸盐层序的最上部，在 Babczyn 2 井段的“o”单元中。它包含海洋孢粉体（甲藻囊肿）和有孔虫组合，表明海洋环境。低多样性底栖有孔虫组合以机会主义的浅层生物物种为主，更喜欢泥质或粘土基质以促进繁荣、微咸至正常海洋盐度和内陆架环境。甲藻囊肿组合虽然在分类学上贫乏，但由海洋物种组成；缺少耐受盐度增加的广盐性形式。在石膏内的粘土夹层中发现的相对常见的微化石具有重要的古地理意义：它们强烈表明，在蒸发岩沉积期间及之后，存在从南部向波兰喀尔巴阡盆地供水的额外流入通道。