Viruses are obligate parasites of cellular hosts and therefore are constantly confronted with the host immune system. Evasion of innate immunity mechanisms by viruses is paramount for the establishment of their infection. The complement system can directly neutralize viruses and also augments adaptive immune responses against them. This system, therefore, is central to host innate immune surveillance and viruses have evolved a multitude of ways to escape its assault. A major strategy employed by viruses is the molecular mimicry of human complement regulators, namely regulators of complement activation (RCA) proteins and CD59. Herein, we outline up-to-date information on the structure, function, and role of viral homologs of the human complement regulators in viral pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

---

模仿游戏：一种颠覆补体系统的病毒式策略

病毒是细胞宿主的专性寄生虫，因此经常与宿主免疫系统对抗。病毒逃避先天免疫机制对于建立其感染至关重要。补体系统可以直接中和病毒，还可以增强针对它们的适应性免疫反应。因此，该系统是宿主先天免疫监视的核心，病毒已经进化出多种方法来逃避其攻击。病毒采用的一个主要策略是人类补体调节剂的分子模拟，即补体激活 (RCA) 蛋白和 CD59 的调节剂。在此，我们概述了有关人类补体调节因子的病毒同源物在病毒发病机制中的结构、功能和作用的最新信息。