The Late Triassic was a time of significant biotic upheaval, with the origination of new groups such as dinosaurs, lizards, crocodiles and mammals, but also characterized by a prolonged period of extinctions, distinguishing it from other great mass extinction events, while the gradual rise of the dinosaurs during the late Carnian to Norian remain unexplained (Benton, Forth, & Langer, 2014; Brusatte, Nesbitt, et al., 2010; Sereno, 1999). This stepwise, important shift in terrestrial life occurred over a prolonged period with complex patterns of mass extinctions (Bernardi, Gianolla, Petti, Mietto, & Benton, 2018; Lucas & Tanner, 2018; Tanner, Lucas, & Chapman, 2004). Each extinction event was characterized by distinct turnovers in flora and fauna, but these events have all been attributed to different forcing factors, including the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE), triggered by Wrangellian volcanism (Dal Corso et al., 2012). Putative extinction events through the Norian have been explained by bolide impacts (Clutson, Brown, & Tanner, 2018). Importantly though, other distinct extinction events during the Late Triassic (Brusatte, Nesbitt, et al., 2010) are not associated with any known external forcing factors. Because of this complexity, the very premise of a singular end-Triassic mass extinction event has been questioned (Hallam & Wignall, 1999; Lucas & Tanner, 2018; Rigo et al., 2020). Low-gradient delta plains are key habitats that have been instrumental in the evolution of life throughout Earth history by acting as shelters for surviving species following environmental crises and providing an arena for interaction between the marine and terrestrial realm (Greb, DiMichele, & Gastaldo, 2006). Lethally hot equatorial temperatures at the onset (Sun et al., 2012) of, and periodically through (Whiteside et al., 2015), the Triassic placed extra emphasis on these important deltaic refugia, but also meant that parts of the world normally not crucial in the evolution of life (Jablonski, Roy, & Valentine, 2006) became more important (Spalletti, Artabe, & Morel, 2003)—as demonstrated by prolific tetrapod faunas north of 30°N and south of 40°S during the Triassic (Lucas, 2018). At such northern latitudes, vast delta systems developed within the Received: 23 January 2020 | Revised: 17 April 2020 | Accepted: 28 May 2020 DOI: 10.1111/ter.12480

中文翻译：

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恐龙崛起的地质控制：相对海平面变化导致的晚三叠世生态系统压力

晚三叠世是一个重大的生物剧变时期，出现了恐龙、蜥蜴、鳄鱼和哺乳动物等新群体，但也有一个长期的灭绝期，区别于其他大灭绝事件，同时逐渐崛起卡尼纪晚期至诺里安时期的恐龙数量仍然无法解释（Benton、Forth 和 Langer，2014 年；Brusatte、Nesbitt 等人，2010 年；Sereno，1999 年）。陆地生命的这种逐步的、重要的转变发生在很长一段时间内，伴随着复杂的大规模灭绝模式（Bernardi、Gianolla、Petti、Mietto 和 Benton，2018 年；Lucas 和 Tanner，2018 年；Tanner、Lucas 和 Chapman，2004 年）。每次灭绝事件都以动植物群的不同更替为特征，但这些事件都归因于不同的强迫因素，包括卡尼阶雨洪事件 (CPE)，由兰格尔火山活动引发（Dal Corso 等，2012）。诺利安人推测的灭绝事件可以用火流星撞击来解释（Clutson、Brown 和 Tanner，2018 年）。但重要的是，晚三叠世期间其他不同的灭绝事件（Brusatte、Nesbitt 等人，2010 年）与任何已知的外部强迫因素无关。由于这种复杂性，三叠纪末期单一物种大灭绝事件的前提受到了质疑（Hallam & Wignall，1999；Lucas & Tanner，2018；Rigo 等，2020）。低梯度三角洲平原是重要的栖息地，在整个地球历史上，作为幸存物种的庇护所，并为海洋和陆地领域之间的互动提供了场所（Greb、DiMichele 和 Gastaldo， 2006）。在三叠纪开始（Sun 等人，2012 年）和周期性地通过（Whiteside 等人，2015 年）时，赤道温度非常高，特别强调这些重要的三角洲避难所，但也意味着世界上的部分地区通常不会在生命进化过程中至关重要（Jablonski、Roy 和 Valentine，2006 年）变得更加重要（Spalletti、Artabe 和 Morel，2003 年）——正如三叠纪期间北纬 30°以北和南纬 40°以南的多产四足动物群所证明的那样（卢卡斯，2018 年）。在这样的北纬，收到：2020 年 1 月 23 日 | 内开发的大量三角洲系统 修订日期：2020 年 4 月 17 日 | 接受：2020 年 5 月 28 日 DOI：10.1111/ter.12480