The global increase in the demand for and production of animal-source foods (four-to five-fold increase between 1960 and 2015), which has been mostly concentrated in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), provides smallholder livestock producers with an opportunity for improving their livelihoods and food and nutrition security. However, across livestock production systems in many LMIC, limited supplies and high cost of good quality feed severely constrains exploitation of this opportunity. In many of such countries, feeds and feeding-related issues are often ranked as the primary constraint to livestock production and increased consumption of animal-source foods. Here we review the complex biophysical, socio-economic and technological challenges related to improving quality feed supply and the reasons for generally low adoption of apparently proven feed enhancement technologies. We describe also successful interventions and conclude by recommending strategies for improving quality feed supply in LMIC that account for and overcome the prevailing challenges.

全球对动物源性食品的需求和生产的增加（1960年至2015年间增长了四到五倍）主要集中在中低收入国家（LMIC），为小农畜牧生产者提供了改善他们的生计以及粮食和营养安全的机会。但是，在许多中低收入国家的畜牧生产系统中，有限的供应和高质量饲料的高成本严重限制了这一机会的利用。在许多这样的国家中，饲料和与饲料有关的问题通常被列为畜牧生产和动物源性食品消费增加的主要制约因素。在这里，我们回顾复杂的生物物理，与改善优质饲料供应有关的社会经济和技术挑战，以及普遍不采用明显成熟的饲料增强技术的原因。我们还描述了成功的干预措施，并通过推荐可改善并解决当前挑战的LMIC优质饲料供应的策略来得出结论。