Abstract When calving icebergs interact with water, waves of tens of meters in height, so-called iceberg-tsunamis (IBTs), may be generated. Recent examples include an IBT which reached an amplitude of 45 to 50 m in Eqip Sermia, Greenland, in 2014. A novel numerical methodology and unique large-scale laboratory experiments are presented to investigate the generation and propagation of such IBTs. In the laboratory the IBTs were generated with rigid blocks in a 50 m × 50 m basin. For the numerical model a multiphase flow solver is extended by coupling it with a motion solver to handle dynamic immersed boundaries such as the surfaces of floating icebergs. An analytical solution of the radiated waves by a heaving sphere in still water, a vertically falling and an overturning block experiment are used to validate the numerical model. The model simulates the laboratory IBTs with a maximum relative error of 15.5% in the first (leading) wave amplitude and 13.8% in the wave height decay exponent if the splash is ignored. The validated model is then used successfully to replicate the 2014 Eqip Sermia IBT. This new numerical model is expected to be useful for IBT hazard assessment and many further floating body phenomena.

中文翻译：

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冰山崩解产生的海啸数值模拟经过大规模实验室实验验证

摘要 当崩解的冰山与水相互作用时，可能会产生数十米高的波浪，即所谓的冰山海啸（IBTs）。最近的例子包括 2014 年在格陵兰 Eqip Sermia 达到 45 到 50 m 振幅的 IBT。提出了一种新颖的数值方法和独特的大规模实验室实验来研究此类 IBT 的产生和传播。在实验室中，IBT 是在 50 m × 50 m 的盆地中用刚性块生成的。对于数值模型，通过将多相流求解器与运动求解器耦合来扩展多相流求解器，以处理动态浸入边界，例如浮动冰山的表面。用静水中垂荡球体辐射波的解析解、垂直下落和倾覆块实验验证了数值模型。如果忽略飞溅，该模型模拟了实验室 IBT，第一（前导）波振幅的最大相对误差为 15.5%，波高衰减指数的最大相对误差为 13.8%。然后，经过验证的模型成功用于复制 2014 Eqip Sermia IBT。这种新的数值模型有望用于 IBT 危险评估和许多进一步的浮体现象。