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Stomatal features and desiccation responses of Persian walnut leaf as caused by in vitro stimuli aimed at stomatal closure
Trees ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00468-020-01992-x
Sasan Aliniaeifard , Zeinab Maleki Asayesh , John Driver , Kourosh Vahdati

Key message

Functional stomata can be generated by in vitro ABA applications. This mitigates the desiccation responses of Persian walnut leaves in their early stage of ex vitro exposure. This finding paves the way for discovering a solution for the uncontrollable water loss problem of in vitro-generated walnut plantlets.

Abstract

Most in vitro-generated plants are susceptible to wilting when they are transferred to an ex vitro environment, which is characterized by a higher evaporative nature. In this study, two stomatal closing stimuli [abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)] were added to in vitro culture medium of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) to evaluate their leaf ability to control water loss during exposure to an ex vitro environment. Different concentrations of PEG (0, 3 and 5%) and ABA (0, 1 and 10 µM) were tested, and their effects were evaluated in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, the proline concentration decreased in the leaves grown on media containing PEG. In contrast, glycine betaine (GB) increased only in leaves grown on a culture medium with 5% PEG. Leaf osmotic potential (ψs) increased parallel to the increase in PEG concentration. Adding PEG to the culture medium caused a decrease in stomatal aperture, and, as a result, the water conservation capacity of the in vitro-grown leaves was increased during detached leaf ex vitro desiccation. However, PEG-induced osmotic stress caused a negative influence on the morpho-physiologic characteristics and chlorophyll content of in vitro-grown nodal segments. In the second experiment, ABA was tested in the culture medium with the eventual aim of making in vitro leaves lose less water when they were transferred to an ex vitro environment. ABA (especially 10 µM) improved the leaf water conservation capacity during ex vitro desiccation of detached leaves. Small stomata having narrow apertures were increased in number by supplementing the cultures with ABA, although the length of shoots decreased with its use; no serious side effect was observed on morpho-physiologic parameters. Our findings are significant because they can ultimately be useful for preventing the uncontrollable water loss problem of in vitro-generated walnut plantlets.



中文翻译:

体外气孔关闭对波斯核桃叶片气孔特征和干燥反应的影响

关键信息

功能性气孔可通过体外ABA应用产生。这减轻了波斯核桃叶片离体暴露早期的干燥反应。这一发现为找到解决体外生核桃苗失控失水问题的方法铺平了道路。

抽象

当将大多数体外产生的植物转移到离体环境中时,其易于萎,,其特征是具有更高的蒸发性。在这项研究中,将两种气孔关闭刺激物[脱落酸(ABA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)]添加到波斯核桃(Juglans regia L.)的体外培养基中,以评估它们控制叶片暴露于水分过程中失水的能力。离体环境。测试了不同浓度的PEG(0、3和5%)和ABA(0、1和10 µM),并在两个单独的实验中评估了它们的作用。在第一个实验中,在含PEG的培养基上生长的叶片中脯氨酸的浓度降低。相反,甘氨酸甜菜碱(GB)仅在含有5%PEG的培养基上生长的叶片中增加。叶渗透势(ψ小号)的增加与PEG浓度的增加平行。向培养基中添加PEG导致气孔孔径减小,结果,离体叶片离体干燥过程中,离体生长叶片的节水能力提高。但是,PEG诱导的渗透胁迫对体外生长的节段的形态生理特征和叶绿素含量产生了负面影响。在第二个实验中,在培养基中对ABA进行了测试,最终目的是使体外叶片转移到离体环境后损失更少的水分。ABA(特别是10 µM)在离体叶片离体干燥过程中提高了叶片的节水能力。通过向培养物中添加ABA可以增加孔径狭窄的小气孔的数量,尽管芽的长度随着使用而减少;在形态生理参数上没有观察到严重的副作用。我们的发现意义重大,因为它们最终可用于预防体外生成的核桃苗失控的失水问题。

更新日期:2020-06-06
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